The Importance of Quantity and Transparency
The principles of commercial ethics found in the works of Imam al-Ghazali are profound enough to serve as a guide even in today’s complex economic relationships. In particular, knowing the quantity and the principle of transparency are highlighted in sales transactions. Sales made by accurately determining the quantity of a good are considered valid, while those involving uncertainty are deemed invalid. This serves the purpose of protecting the rights of buyers and preventing injustice. Even today, problems such as incomplete or misleading product descriptions on online shopping platforms can occur; al-Ghazali’s sensitivity in this regard once again reminds us of the importance of honesty in commerce.
The Existence and Qualities of Goods
Al-Ghazali emphasizes that the goods being sold should be seen by the buyer or, at least, their qualities clearly stated. The validity of a purchase made without seeing is debatable; because this can violate the right of the buyer to be informed. Especially in today’s remote shopping experiences, efforts are being made to provide similar transparency with product photos and detailed descriptions. However, situations such as verbal promises not being kept or the product not matching its actual appearance can occur. Therefore, buyers should also be careful and protect their rights. Describing the characteristics of a good does not suffice to prove its existence; because the seeing of the good itself is required for the transfer of ownership.
Intention, Delivery, and Conditions of Contract
In Islamic ethics, commerce is not just a material transaction; intention also plays a significant role. Clear expressions must be used in the sales contract (e.g., ‘I sold’ or ‘I bought,’ etc.) and the parties must use these expressions with the purpose of buying and selling. Furthermore, delivery of the goods and transfer of ownership are also important conditions for the validity of the sale. While some platforms offer quick shopping applications today, such situations can sometimes lead to legal problems. The works of al-Ghazali draw the moral framework of commerce, remind the parties of their responsibilities towards each other, and emphasize the importance of not compromising on honesty.