The Sacredness of Friendship and the Importance of Generosity
The counsels compiled from the works of ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Ghaylānī shed light on our understanding of friendship, which is the cornerstone of Islamic ethics. True friendship is built upon mutual support and self-sacrifice not only in times of hardship, but at all times. In this understanding, actions such as being present with a friend in their fatigue, giving water in their thirst, alleviating their sorrow, and calming their anger are among the most fundamental etiquettes of friendship. Indeed, al-Ghaylānī advises that a person should even place their friend’s needs before their own; this is a way to overcome selfishness and to reinforce the feeling of compassion. Keeping secrets in friendship and avoiding speaking ill of one another are also important virtues; for true friends protect each other’s reputation, elevate their virtues, and conceal their faults.
Security in Journeying and Following the Sunnah
In Islam, journeying is not only a physical movement but also a process of spiritual purification. As stated in al-Ghaylānī’s works, it is important for the traveler to pray for safety and seek refuge in Allah. Especially in unknown places, it is recommended to repeat the dhikr (remembrance of God) "Aʿūdhu billāh..." in order to be protected from possible dangers. Moreover, following the sunnah (prophetic practice) of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) by not attaching bells to animals and by using a staff during travel provides both physical comfort and spiritual blessing; for carrying a staff is among the traditions of the prophets and it is reported to keep the devil away. This shows that journeying aims not only at completing the travel safely, but also at the purification of the qalb (the heart).
Compassion and Justice Towards Animals
Another important point arising from al-Ghaylānī’s works is the compassion and mercy shown towards animals. In Islamic ethics, animals also have rights and it is unacceptable to oppress them. As stated in the source text, it is not permissible to remove the animal’s genitalia; this is a disrespect to their bodies. Likewise, torturing animals or marking them unnecessarily is also forbidden (haram). In accordance with the example and counsels of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), treating animals kindly and compassionately is a requirement of being human; for mercy is an important indicator of iman (faith).