The Danger of Excess and the Importance of the Sunnah
In Islamic ethics, asceticism (zuhd) signifies purification from worldly love and turning towards the afterlife; however, this concept can lead to misunderstandings and deviation if taken to extremes. As understood from the works of Abd al-Qadir al-Geylani, some individuals have fallen into the error of viewing asceticism as absolute renunciation, rejecting animal slaughter altogether or even desiring not to marry. The Prophet (peace be upon him) did not approve of such extremism and exemplified a balanced life – fulfilling the necessities of this world while preparing for the afterlife – in accordance with his Sunnah. He fasted and broke his fast, prayed and slept, married women and ate meat. This clearly demonstrates that Islam is a guide encompassing all aspects of life and forbidding extremes.
The Harm of Transgressing Halal and Haram Boundaries
The Noble Qur’an states that it is unacceptable to forbid what Allah has made lawful and to transgress boundaries. The reaction shown to the requests of some ascetics, such as Osman bin Maz’un, to seclude themselves demonstrates the negative impact of such extremism on society. While asceticism aims to distance oneself from worldly pleasures, it is not correct to prohibit the permissible or neglect obligatory acts of worship for this purpose; rather, it is to act within the boundaries set by Islam and organize one’s worldly life in a way that contributes to preparation for the afterlife. The understanding of asceticism should not divert a person from obedience to Allah, nor should it prevent them from fulfilling their social duties.
Asceticism in Beneficial Matters: Ignorance and Misguidance
True asceticism requires avoiding harmful things; however, practicing asceticism in beneficial matters is ignorance and misguidance. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, ‘Be ambitious in that which benefits you,’ encouraging people to succeed in this world while also directing them not to exceed the limits of that ambition. Abandoning essential necessities such as food and drink or staying away from activities that contribute to the welfare of society is not asceticism but rather a kind of ignorance; because it deprives one of opportunities to draw closer to Allah and prevents them from fulfilling their social responsibilities. Therefore, in Islamic ethics, asceticism signifies adopting a balanced and moderate way of life.