The Origins of Whispers and Different Approaches
Imam al-Ghazali, a prominent figure in Sufi thought, deeply explored the issue of whispers that arise during dhikr (remembrance of God). Noting that scholars knowledgeable about the states of hearts present different views on this topic, al-Ghazali divides these approaches into five main categories. These distinctions offer different perspectives on the nature of whispers and their effects on the dhikr process; some believe that whispers can be completely eliminated, while others believe that although they diminish, they do not disappear entirely. Emphasizing that each approach has its own evidence and justifications, al-Ghazali expresses that this diversity reveals the richness of the Sufi experience. These differences also highlight the complexity of the obstacles faced by dervishes on their spiritual journey.
The Role of Faith and Divine Knowledge in Combating Whispers
Al-Ghazali states that whispers can be divided into different types; such as Satan instilling doubt by mixing truth with falsehood, inciting desires, or simply creating a mental disturbance. However, the power of faith and divine knowledge plays an important role in dealing with these whispers. Faith rejects the suggestions of Satan, while knowledge illuminates the heart and purifies intentions. When a servant realizes that the actions he performs in pursuit of knowing God are actually created by God, such as self-satisfaction whispers disappear; because he now understands that his actions are a gesture of gratitude to his Lord. In this context, deepening faith and divine knowledge in Sufi training is an important strategy for combating whispers.
Dhikr and Whispers: Two Interrelated States
Al-Ghazali’s approach argues that dhikr and whispers can be successive states that are part of an inseparable whole. Just as the points on a sphere create a moving image, the intensity of dhikr and the emergence of whispers can be interconnected. This requires dervishes progressing on the spiritual path to act with patience; because in some cases, the continuity of dhikr makes it possible to both understand the dhikr and perceive the whisper simultaneously. Al-Ghazali’s approach emphasizes that spiritual effort must be continuous and unwavering, encouraging dervishes to turn to God even in difficult times; because filling the heart with divine love is the most effective way to deal with whispers.