ÜÇÜNCÜ FASIL · Üçüncü Madde
**Article Three**
The artery arising from the liver reports the capillaries that extend to the chest and shoulder blades, the upper and lower jaws, the neck, head, and temples.
O esteemed one! It is known that anatomical scholars have stated: The two branches remaining of those distributed to the muscles of the chest and shoulder blades are a pair of branches, each consisting of five branches. However, from each branch, a single branch has been distributed into the chest, providing sustenance to four ribs from them. The second branches are distributed in the region of the shoulder blades, so that the muscles there derive their nourishment from them. The third branches extend to the muscles distributed on both sides of the neck, from which they obtain sustenance. The fourth branches are distributed within the perforations of the six upper vertebrae of the neck. They enter and ascend from both sides to the head, providing nourishment to the muscles therein. The fifth branches are the largest, extending in two directions to the two armpits. Each is divided into four parts, and a portion of each branch extends over the chest, distributing itself to the muscles that move the shoulder blades. A second part spreads to the soft flesh, arteries, and armpit. A third part extends on the chest, descending to the gallbladder. The fourth are the largest, dividing into two parts which reach deep within the shoulder blade, distributing themselves to the large and small muscles there, and to the large muscles in the armpits.
The third branches of the artery ascending upwards divide as they reach the neck region, one becoming the external carotid artery and the other the internal carotid artery (the jugular vein), taking their forms. When the external carotid artery rises towards the clavicle, it becomes two parts: one separates to ascend toward the front, and the second first descends toward the front, then ascends to reach the outside of the clavicle, joining with the former part there. From these two parts emerges what is known as “vidâc-ı ma’rûf,” which takes the name "carotid artery." Before this second part joins with the first, two parts separate from it: one proceeds horizontally and, at the point where it would enter, adheres to both clavicles at the neck ring. The second part hardens on the external surface of the neck, descending from these two into one. From these two pairs of arteries, spiderweb-like fine veins emerge, extending upon the shoulder blade, thus gaining renown as the “ketfî damar” (the upper portion of the carotid vein belonging to the shoulder), from which "kıfâl; head artery" originates. These two arteries accompany each other on both sides of the shoulder blades, up to the shoulder. However, one is retained and distributed there, while the other passes over the shoulder, proceeding towards the biceps, where it spreads. The ketfî damar (the upper portion of the carotid vein belonging to the shoulder) passes both of these, extending to the end of the body.
After the two external carotid arteries merge, they become two parts. One is on the inner side, with a small part dividing into very fine branches and spreading throughout the upper jaw. The larger part also divides into branches and spreads throughout the lower jaw. From these two branches, numerous vessels extend around the tongue, spreading there. A second part of these is external, distributing itself to the region near the two ears and the head. The internal carotid artery (the jugular vein) accompanies the esophagus, proceeding directly upwards with it, sending branches which mingle with those coming from the external carotid artery. All of them mix with the esophagus, pharynx, and muscles within, finally reaching the “derz-i lâmî.” From there, numerous branches emerge, distributing themselves to the nerves arising from the first and second vertebrae. From there, hair-like fine vessels reach the joints of the head and neck. From there, further branches appear, reaching the membranes of the skull. They ascend to the point where the two halves of the skull join, dispersing within the skull. After sending these branches, the remaining arteries enter the cranial cavity at the end of the derz-i lâmî, and distribute branches to the brain membranes (membranes). These membranes derive their nourishment from these branches, and are connected and separated from the parts surrounding them, receiving sustenance from them.
Then, the “gışâ-i rakîk” descends into the brain, distributing itself as do the arteries, firmly connecting all the arteries and meeting in a wide section so that blood is spilled into their mouths and collected within them to ripen. Then it spreads between the two hemispheres of the brain, which is called "ma’sıra." There, from channels branching out, it takes the blood and extends from the “middle ventricle” (the two anterior ventricles of the brain called batn-ı mukaddemîn) to the arteries ascending upwards. These vessels resemble the membrane of the brain ("şebeke-i meşîmiyye").
Indeed, all these are signs of the majesty of Allah’s power. We glorify and absolve Allah from every imperfection, He who is exalted in glory, whose blessings encompass everyone, and whose creation is perfect. His praise be magnified.