THIRD CHAPTER · Fifth Section
Fifth Section
It describes the branches and benefits of the large part of the ecvef vein descending from the liver to the lower part of the body.
O dear one! It should be known that the scholars of anatomy have said: The descending part of the ecvef vein—which is its main branch—after emerging from the liver, extends toward the posterior vertebral bone, and before it rests against the bone, a large vein branches off and divides into capillaries. It reaches the membrane of the right kidney and spreads there and around it. It has supplied nourishment to all of them. Then, from this descending part, another large vein branches off and disperses as capillaries. It comes to the left kidney, reaches its membrane, and spreads there and nearby. All of them have received nourishment through this branch. Then, from this descending part (vena cava descendens), two large veins branch off, which have been aptly named “tali’ayn” (renal vein).
These enter the kidneys to provide nourishment.
For, just as the aforementioned arteries, these “talia” have also drawn the nourishment of the kidneys, as the blood fluid of the liver has come to them as sustenance. From the left of this “talia,” a vein branches off and descends to the left ovary in both men and women. Another vein emerges from its right and reaches the right ovary.
From the two kidneys, two veins come to the two reproductive organs—one from the right to the right side, and one from the left to the left side—curving toward the vertebral column, and since their forms are hidden, the pure blood flowing from the two kidneys to the ovaries is cooked and matured by heat. While it was previously red blood, it has become white “sperm.” Two veins also reach the two testicles from the vertebral column. All of these mentioned veins disappear in the penis, the vulva [136/b], and the depths of the womb. Then, as this descending part adheres to the vertebral bone and descends, at each vertebra, branches again separate from it, some of which enter those vertebrae and terminate in the “marrow.”
Some of them spread to the muscles beside it. Others reach the two “hāsira” (flanks) and terminate in the abdominal muscles. Thus, when this descending part, with all the aforementioned features, reaches the end of the dorsal vertebrae, two parts appear in it: one finds a path to the right thigh, and the other to the left thigh.
Before these two parts descend into the thighs, ten layers of veins branch off from each. The first layers reach the two “backs.” The second layers divide into many fine veins like hair, spreading beneath the thin membranes that cover and protect the muscles. The third layers spread to the muscles over the coccyx bone. The fourth layers are distributed among the anal muscles and over the coccyx bone. The fifth layers, turning outward in the anal muscles at the coccyx bone, are distributed there.
In women, however, they turn toward the interior of the womb, and some spread in the parts attached to its front. The rest come toward the bladder and divide into two parts. One of these disperses in the bladder, and one reaches the neck of the bladder.
This fifth layer is abundant in men, as it both covers the bladder and forms the penis. The sixth layers turn toward the muscles over the pubic bone and spread there. The seventh layers reach the muscles that run lengthwise over the abdomen. These veins are attached around those veins that descend from the chest into the abdominal cavity. From the origin of these veins, in women, four veins emerge and reach the womb from four directions.
Of these, the eighth vein reaches the male and female reproductive organs. Thus, through this vein, the female reproductive organ (womb) has become a counterpart to the male reproductive organ.
The eighth layers reach the penis in men and the womb in women, and spread within them. The ninth layers descend into the deep thigh muscles and spread within them. The tenth layers reach the two “hāsira” (flanks) and reach around the vein descending from the hands. From all of them, a large part is formed, descending into the soft muscles and dispersing from there, reaching up to twenty layers and terminating there. Indeed, in the distribution of these veins in this manner, there are many lessons for the people of wonder.
“We glorify Allah, the One and the Subduer, Who causes the blood in the veins to flow like rivers.”