SECOND SCIENCE · SECOND CHAPTER · FIRST SECTION · Fourth Article
Fourth Article
It describes the anatomical configurations (anatomy) of the upper jaw (Fekk-i aʿlā).
O dear one! It should be known that the scholars of anatomy have stated as follows: The
boundary of the upper jaw, on the upper side, is a joint suture shared with the frontal bone,
which passes beneath the eyebrow and is a suture extending from temple to temple. On the lower side,
its boundary is the place where the teeth emerge. On both sides, its boundaries are a suture shared
with the occipital bone located behind the molar teeth, coming from the direction of the ear.
The other side, which is the terminal part, is a suture that separates it from the suture
running longitudinally through the jaw. Thus, the upper jaw bone is situated within these
boundaries. Of the sutures on the inner part of the upper jaw,
one divides the palate lengthwise. [114/b] Another descends from between the two eyebrows down to the line
between the two lips. One comes from the beginning of the second suture, inclining to the right,
and passes between the canine-incisor and lateral incisor teeth. Another, similarly, inclines to the left.
Thus, among the three grooves—one in the middle and two on the sides—and between the lines of the tooth sockets,
two triangular bones have become boundaries. However, the bases of these triangles are not at the end of the teeth,
but rather, a suture divides the two triangles near the bases of the two nostrils before that point.
This is because the aforementioned three sutures have passed through and reached their respective places,
crossing the suture that divides them.
Besides these two triangles, there are two more bones. These are surrounded by the bases of the two
aforementioned triangles, the end of the teeth, and two parts of the sutures on both sides.
The part of the suture descending from the middle separates these two bones from each other,
and at the dividing suture, each forms two right angles. At the place of the two molar teeth,
there is an acute angle, and near the two nasal bones, there is an obtuse angle. One of the sutures
of the upper jaw bone descends from the shared suture, comes toward the eye, and when it reaches the orbit,
it splits into three branches: one branch passes beneath the suture shared with the forehead and above the orbit,
reaching the eyebrow. One branch does not enter the orbit but goes toward the front of the eye. The third branch,
after entering the orbit, continues in the same manner. The first bone separated by the first branch is larger than the second bone.
The second bone is also larger than the third bone.
We glorify Allah, who created all these and fashioned them in the most beautiful form.
Exalted is His majesty.