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Article Three
Concerning the bones of the wrist.
O, esteemed one! Know that anatomists have stated: The wrist is composed of many bones, so that damage to one part does not affect the whole. When the palm grasps something, it takes a circular form with these bones upon the objects, so that the concavity of the palm allows for the retention of fluid substances.
These bones are joined together so their joints do not dislocate, lest the grip of the hand be weakened. Even if the skin of the palm is peeled away, all these bones appear as a single bone. This unity is achieved through many ligaments firmly holding and binding them together. These bones are inclined inward somewhat, thus causing the contraction that forms the concavity of the palm.
The wrist bones are created from seven bones, but in addition to these, there is one more. The original seven bones are arranged in two rows; the first row is adjacent to the forearm bone. These bones are slender and small in structure, numbering three. The bones in the second row are located toward the finger knuckles, so they are wide and their number is known to be four. The aforementioned three bones are contiguous, and their side close to the forearm is delicate with a very strong joint connection. Their side near the second row is broad and has been made weak in its joint connection. The eighth bone is not for straightening the two rows of the wrist, but rather to protect a nerve that is close to the palm. One of the heads of the three bones in the first row, when combined, produces one single head, consisting of two zends, arising from the ends of the wrist joints and entering the wide cavity previously mentioned, where the joint opens and closes. The lower zend is an extension of a bone close to the wrist bones, forming a broad and curved shape with its socket.
There are four palm bones corresponding to the four fingers. These bones are very close together in the region of the palm, so that the connection of the bones to the wrist bones is firm, as if they were joined. And as they proceed toward the fingers, they have opened somewhat, so that the bones may access different openings gracefully. The metacarpal bones are slightly fractured within the palm to form a concavity which aids in opening and closing. The wrist joint with the metacarpal bones is formed by the entry of cartilaginous processes into the sockets surrounding the wrist bones.
“We praise God, who has created these things with wisdom and artistry.”