ÜÇÜNCÜ FASIL · İkinci Madde
**Article Two**
Concerning the ecvef vein originating from the liver and its branches and benefits.
Know, O esteemed one! Anatomists have stated: The origin of the ecvef vein is spread within the liver like hairs, drawing sustenance from the branches of the portal vein, which itself is similarly spread. The branches of the ecvef vein arise from the prominence of the liver. The branches of the portal vein ascend from the depths of the liver into the cavity. Therefore, the portion of the ecvef vein ascending originates from the prominence of the liver and divides into two parts, one large and one small. The smaller part ascends upwards. This smaller part, called the “sā’id” vein, passes through the diaphragm, giving it two vessels and spreading within it to nourish it. Then, the "sā'id" vein accompanies the pericardium [heart sac], sending it numerous branches which are dispersed within it like hairs, providing nourishment to the pericardium. Subsequently, the “sā’id” vein divides into two parts, one large and one small. The larger part proceeds to the heart, entering through its right atrium. The wisdom behind this vein being the largest of the cardiac vessels is that while other vessels complete the drawing in of air, this great vessel remains to receive nourishment. For sustenance is more solid and heavy than air, it necessitates a wider lumen [channel] and a larger envelope [wall]. Upon entering the heart, this large vein gives it three membranes so that external benefits may enter. These three membranes are stronger than the others, preventing nourishment from being drawn out during the dilation of the heart and preventing its return upon contraction. The smaller part, when accompanying the heart, sends three veins towards the lungs; one of these proceeds near the left side of the heart and travels to the right chamber of the heart, inclining toward the lungs and reaching them. These aforementioned veins are double-layered like arteries. Therefore, physicians have named them “verīd-i shirkānī” [pulmonary vein]. Its benefit is that the blood seeping from it is very fine and similar to the essence of the lungs. For this blood being fine and emerging close to the heart, it is not cooked but rather brought to the heart via the venous channel, where it is matured and perfected. The second of the three veins circulates around the heart and spreads within it, providing nourishment to the heart from it. The third part inclines particularly towards the left side in humans, proceeding to the fifth vertebra of the spine, resting upon it and distributing itself to the first eight ribs and those nearby. After the “sā’id” vein passes the region of the heart, it disperses into capillary vessels at the heights of the membrane that divides the chest into two equal parts, to the soft flesh called "tev'e" [thymus]. The vein ascending upwards, upon reaching alongside the clavicle [collarbone], divides into two branches. Each separates from the other, arriving in the region of the collarbone and each then divides again into two limbs; one descends towards the ribs on the right side, and the other on the left, ultimately reaching the sternum. The vein ascending upwards divides into three parts. Two branches distribute themselves to the muscles between the ribs, spreading their openings to correspond with the mouths of vessels there, from which numerous vessels are distributed to the external muscles of the chest. After supplying the sternum, a group of veins repairs the scapula [shoulder blade], gathering and distributing themselves to the muscles located there. These two also descend beneath the smooth muscles, distributing their branches among them. Their terminal portions join with the muscles and vessels rising from the jugular veins [verīd-i aczî] which will be explained later. The third branch of the ascending vein nourishes the regions of the two shoulder blades.
Praise be to Allah, the Creator and Originator! What a beautiful creation this is, what a perfect art, shaping and wisdom, that minds are left in awe before its subtleties.