İKİNCİ FEN · ÜÇÜNCÜ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL · Üçüncü Madde
Third Article
It describes the muscles that cause movement in the cheeks, lips, and the tips of the nose.
O Noble One! Know that anatomists have said: The cheek has two movements. One is dependent on the movement of the lower jaw. The other is its own movement, responding to the movement of another member along with the movement of the lip. Therefore, there are muscles common to the cheek and that member, which widely reside in each cheekbone and are known by this name. Each of the two muscles that accomplish these two movements consists of four parts. Each part receives fibers from four places. The first fiber originates from the clavicle and descends, attaching itself beneath the lips, drawing the mouth sideways and downwards. The second fiber originates from the shoulder bone and clavicle on both sides, reaching the lower lip on the opposite side. The fiber originating from the right side crosses over and intersects with the fiber originating from the left side. The fiber coming from the right reaches the lower left side of the mouth, and the fiber coming from the left reaches the upper right side of the mouth. With the gathering and contraction of these two sides of fibers, the mouth narrows, and the lips come forward. It is as if a pouch string were drawing its own opening closed. The third fiber originates from the acromion bone and reaches the upper part of the place where it is attached to the jaw. It draws the mouth equally and similarly in both directions. The fourth fiber comes from the spinal protrusions of the cervical vertebrae, passes through both ears, and reaches the cheeks. With it, the cheeks are moved, and the lips follow suit. One of the muscles of the lips (mouth) is also a muscle common to the cheeks, as stated above.
There are four muscles specific to the mouth. Two of these come from the upper part of the cheekbones, reaching both sides of the mouth. The remaining two muscles come from below, reaching the mouth. These four muscles suffice for the movement of the mouth. Because when each of these muscles moves alone, it draws the mouth towards its own side. If two move together from either side, the mouth opens to those two sides. If all four move together, the movements of the mouth occur in four directions, without defect, and there is no other movement besides them. These common muscles are so distributed within the soft tissue of the mouth that it is impossible to separate them from the flesh of the lips.
Around the nose – where there are the *ernebe*, the nasal wings – the joining of two small and strong muscles is simple. Their smallness allows for the ample space occupied by the movable cheek and lip muscles. Their strength provides what is lacking in bone. The destination of these two muscles is known to be on the cheekbones, because the cheekbone adheres to its fiber and moves the tip of the nose towards that side. All of this has been placed in its place through the wisdom of God.