İKİNCİ FEN · İKİNCİ BÂB · İKİNCİ FASIL · Beşinci Madde
**Article Five**
Concerning the Clavicle.
Beloved! It is known that anatomists have stated: The clavicle, or collarbone, is a bone situated upon each of the two sides of the upper portion of the breast cage, created from a small cavity, leaving behind an empty space. This allows for the arteries ascending to the brain and the nerves descending from it to pass through and find their way. This bone extends upwards, attaching to the scapula (shoulder blade). The scapula is joined to this bone, and together they connect with the humerus (upper arm bone).
The scapula has been created for numerous benefits. One benefit is that the arm and hand are connected to the body through the humerus, preventing them from adhering to the chest. This allows for ease of movement between the two arms, avoiding any impediment. Another benefit is that the scapula remains distant from the ribs, allowing for a wide range of motion in the arms without obstruction. A further benefit is that it acts as a shield for the vital organs within the chest, replacing the small bones and protrusions at the joints of the vertebral column, thus preventing harm to the breast. The scapula is thicker on its lower side than on its upper side. Its upper surface (the wider side) possesses a cavity into which the rounded portion of the humerus fits. From this arise two extensions; one ascends towards the back, receiving the name “kargaburnu” [raven’s beak]. This connects the scapula to the clavicle and prevents the head of the humerus from emerging from the shoulder socket. The second extension descends and faces forward, also preventing the head of the humerus from exiting its cavity.
Thus, the scapula widens as it extends outwards, and upon the outer side of this extension is a protrusion resembling a triangle; its base extending from the wider side, while its apex comes from the inner side. This protects the joints of the vertebral column, like the small bones within them, preventing damage to the straightness of the back. Cartilage adjacent to this projection extends circularly to the width of the shoulder. The reason for this cartilage’s termination here is similar to the reasons behind the joining of other cartilages.
[572]. *Sinsin*, plural *sanâsin*: the tip of the posterior aspect of the pelvic bones.
[573]. This refers to Surah Tîn, verse 4.
One benefit of the spine is that it acts as a protective shield for the vital organs situated in front of it. Therefore, it possesses articulations and protrusions resembling spines, which are called *sinsin*. Another benefit of the spine is that it forms the foundation and basis for the creation of the body’s bones, just as a ship's mast has been previously mentioned. Consequently, the vertebrae are created with extreme firmness and strength. A further benefit of the spine is that it possesses an inherent strength enabling humans to stand and move. Therefore, the arrangement of the vertebral bodies is ordered in a series; they are not all one bone or a large bone, but rather arranged in the most beautiful manner according to *ahsen-i takvîm* [the finest proportion]. The joints between the vertebrae are neither so loose as to compromise their function nor so rigid as to prevent lateral movement, but rather have been created in sections. The vertebrae that compose the spine are bones possessing channels through which the spinal cord passes.
One benefit of the spine is that it acts as a protective shield for the vital organs situated in front of it. Therefore, it possesses articulations and protrusions resembling spines, which are called *sinsin*. Another benefit of the spine is that it forms the foundation and basis for the creation of the body’s bones, just as a ship's mast has been previously mentioned. Consequently, the vertebrae are created with extreme firmness and strength. A further benefit of the spine is that it possesses an inherent strength enabling humans to stand and move. Therefore, the arrangement of the vertebral bodies is ordered in a series; they are not all one bone or a large bone, but rather arranged in the most beautiful manner according to *ahsen-i takvîm* [the finest proportion]. The joints between the vertebrae are neither so loose as to compromise their function nor so rigid as to prevent lateral movement, but rather have been created in sections.
[572]. *Sinsin*, plural *sanâsin*: the tip of the posterior aspect of the pelvic bones.
[573]. This refers to Surah Tîn, verse 4.