BİRİNCİ FEN · ÜÇÜNCÜ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · İkinci Madde
Second Article
It describes the names and powers of the organs.
O, beloved! Know that anatomists have said: Every organ within the body possesses an inherent power by which the organ is nourished; and its nourishment is only possible through that power. This power draws in sustenance, retains it, converts it into a beneficial form for the organs, and expels its excesses.
The strongest of the organs are the brain and the liver. For they draw the vital force, natural warmth, and spirit from the heart; the brain is the source of all sensations, and the liver is the origin of all the body’s organs outside the heart. The heart is a precious and delicate organ, shaped like a cup (cone), located within the chest beneath the left breast, of the same nature and color as the liver, with its pointed end directed downwards. Within it lies a black point, resembling the pupil of an eye, which is the most subtle [112/a] of all the organs. Its name is "sūwaydā." It is the source of spirit and all powers; the abode of the animal soul and human self, the place where divine inspiration descends, and the locus of God’s gaze. It nurtures all members with life, movement, cognition, and nourishment. It is the sultan of the body; all forces and organs are its servants and citizens, for it governs the entire body.
Therefore, some of the body's organs are governing limbs, others are auxiliary limbs, while still others are neither essential nor auxiliary. The governing limbs are the origin of the primary forces within the body. Their existence is necessary for the continuation of a person or lineage.
There are three essential (governing) limbs that sustain human vitality: one is the heart, which is the source of the vital force; another is the brain, which is the source of sensation and movement; and the third is the liver, which is the source of the power of nourishment. The same three limbs are also essential for the continuation of a lineage. However, specifically for the perpetuation of the lineage, there is a fourth limb: the testicles, which are necessary to produce semen that preserves the generations. The testicles simultaneously express the temperament required for the sexual differentiation of male and female. As for the auxiliary limbs, some have the duty of preparation, while others have the duty of execution and delivery (mueaddi). The duty of preparation precedes the action of the essential limb, whereas the duty of execution and delivery follows it. The lungs perform the preparatory function and service for the heart. The vessels perform the work of execution and delivery. The liver is the servant of preparation for the brain, along with other spirit and nourishment organs. The nerves are its servants of execution and delivery. The stomach is the servant of preparation for the liver. The veins are its servants of execution. For the testicles, the organs that first produce semen are their servants of preparation. Their servants of execution are the urinary tract in males and the vessels between them and the testicles. In women, they are the vessels that deliver sperm to the womb and the womb itself. The function of the sperm is completed within it; it is the space where the fetus will be formed.
“We exonerate God from every imperfection with His unique creative power.”