BEŞİNCİ FASIL · Birinci Madde
**Article One**
Concerning the wisdom of the forms and outlines of initial organs.
Beloved! It is known that philosophers have said: The Exalted God, who created the universe, has made the human body, with the magnificence of His beauty, the most subtle and beautiful of all corporeal forms. The harmony (tenâsüb) of its organs is so subtle, delicate, and beautiful that language and eloquence are rendered incapable of expressing it. The human soul, with its swift understanding and profound intuition (fehim and firâset), is filled with such knowledge and wisdom that it has become a boundless ocean. Its form's beauty and the perfection of its character, with its graceful demeanor and eloquent speech, appear to the world as unparalleled.
Its beautiful gait, sweet words, perfection in fulfilling its duties, and pleasing resonance of voice have captivated the minds of all creation. With its captivating beauty and endearing nature, it has become the beloved of the world, attracting the favor of those possessing insight (irfân). From it, lovers have experienced countless states.
*Poem:*
"Your coquettishness resides in the grace of your gait among cypress-like figures;
The charm dwells in your sweet words among budded lips."
Therefore, the Exalted God, the Fashioner of Generosity (Musavvir-i Mennân), has bestowed upon its noble head, from the vapor of the four humors (ahlât-i erba’a), [16] delicate hairs, and from the vapor of the testes, he has produced hair on men's faces and chests. Thus, women are adorned with hair, men are distinguished by beards, and both are named by their eyebrows. The blackness of hair is due to an excess of vapor within a person; yellowing is due to an excess of phlegm. Whiteness arises from a deficiency of natural heat. A deficiency of natural heat results from excessive sexual intercourse (mujâmaa) and sorrow. The radiance of the forehead is the joy of hearts. Two eyebrows are the shadows of two eyes, and upon those eyes like full moons have risen two crescents.
The wisdom of the placement of the eyes between the nose and the eyebrows is for protection from impacts and blows, as well as for beauty. The creation of the eyes on the front of the body is so that they may serve as a means of sight in the tasks the body performs on its front side. Eyelids prevent the eye from gazing upon unsightly things and close during sleep, acting as a veil over the pupils.
Eyelashes adorn the eye like eyebrows, and when gathered together, they protect the pupils from dust and soot. That which looks through them proceeds along its proper path. The blackness of the pupil and the whiteness of the eye are for beauty and ornamentation. The location of the light of sight within a black spot is due to it being the most subtle of organs.
The pupil's position in the center is necessitated by the layers previously mentioned. The convexity (muhaddeb) of the pupil’s surface is so that vision may easily encompass the area around the center of sight.
The roundness of the human head is for protection from collisions and impacts, and to provide a suitable and spacious place for the brain. Its size is as it is for beauty and proportion (tenâsüb). The roundness of the human face is for beauty and resemblance to the sun and moon [142/a]. The redness of its lips and the whiteness of its teeth, like pearls, are for beauty and refinement. The nose having two openings is for smelling, breathing (teneffüs), and also for mucus. Its cartilaginous nature provides lightness and precaution against impacts. The spaciousness around the nostrils is for being able to smell more intensely. This form exists to allow excess humors to descend and for colds.
The teeth that are narrow and long are for breaking and cutting; the broad, wide ones are for grinding and chewing food. Their arrangement in a row is so that diverse vocal tones may be obtained during speech. The tongue’s lack of bone allows it to manipulate the morsel within the mouth and, when speaking, to produce letters and articulate words and sentences. Its being encircled and confined by lips and teeth is for speaking less. The tongue being one while the eyes and ears are two is so that seeing and hearing may be increased.
The ears’ placement on the sides of the head is so they may hear sounds from all directions. The shape of the earlobe is as it is to receive sounds and respond to them. Its cartilaginous nature provides lightness, beauty, and protection from impacts. The length and width of the neck are created in such a way as to harmonize with the head and provide strength and power for supporting it. Having seven vertebrae rather than a single bone allows it to turn in every direction and exhibits gracefulness in its movements.
The location of all the organs of the human head at its highest point is due to the loftiness of its status and the grandeur of its majesty. The placement of the essence of reason within the head elevates it. The presence of all five senses within the head honors and exalts it. The gathering of so many organs and powers in the head demonstrates the power of the Most Generous God and manifests the artistry of His Wise attribute.
“We glorify God, who created all of this with unparalleled art and wisdom. His praise is exalted.”