FIRST SECTION · THIRD CHAPTER · NINTH SUBSECTION
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It is explained in nine points that the new astronomical method has become renowned, that its rules are simple and concise, that the earth moves by its own rotation, that the axis of the earth is parallel to the axis of the universe, and that its pole is aligned with the pole of the universe; that the scholars of the new astronomy have proven these matters; that according to the findings of the new science of astronomy, the planets sometimes stand still, sometimes move directly, and sometimes move retrograde; that there are various objections to such views of the new science of astronomy, and that all of these have been answered as necessary by those concerned; and that the scholars of astronomy have disagreed about the natures and temperaments of the spheres (falak, i.e., galaxies).