The Manifestation of Light and the Prophet’s Form
Ibn Arabi’s work, Futuḥāt al-Makkīya, offers a profound contemplation on the origins of existence. Within this contemplation, ‘the Sphere’ (al-Falak), meaning the universe, is defined as a manifestation of the ultimate reality of being. The Light (Nur) emanating from God’s generous realm illuminates and shapes everything in this universe. Our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) received the first emanation of this Light, appearing in the world as its very form. This demonstrates that the Prophet is a perfect model to be emulated by humanity, while also pointing to the divine origins of existence and emphasizing the possibility for humans to draw near to this divine light.
Adam’s Legacy and the Unity of Humanity
Ibn Arabi views Adam not only as the first human but also as the father of all humanity. From a spiritual perspective, Adam signifies the common origin of humankind, which forms the foundation of the unity of humanity emphasized in Islamic Sufism. Adam’s role in the physical world is also important, as the elements are like mother and father to him – that is, the building blocks of existence. This perspective requires understanding both the material and spiritual aspects of human beings; for humans are a reflection of the universe, and the secrets they hold open the doors to divine truth. Humanity descends from a common origin with Adam’s sons, which implies that each person has a responsibility towards others.
Existence and Consciousness: God’s Divine Decree
Ibn Arabi states that existence is a process of becoming, emphasizing that everything is dependent on God’s divine decree (taqdīr). For something to exist, there must first be a cause and a domain; this is possible only through the will of God. Comprehending the truth of existence is impossible without His knowledge and power. Humans should realize that even their own selves and actions are shaped in accordance with God’s divine decree. This understanding brings about feelings of humility (tawāḍu’) and gratitude, as humans become aware that their existence is entirely dependent on God.
The Realms of the Intermediate Realm (Berzah) and the Perfect Human
Futuḥāt al-Makkīya also depicts the realm of Berzah after death. In this realm, souls come together under the dominion of subtle truths. The figure of a giant fish with six hundred wings, as viceroy of Berzah, is a symbol of spiritual development and divine guidance. When humans are resurrected from the grave, they have the potential to enter different forms thanks to correct knowledge and understanding; this means that paradise is a marketplace of blessings. As humans progress through these realms, they approach the ideal of the Perfect Human (al-Insān al-Kāmil) – one who is both loving and beloved, both educator and educated.