BİRİNCİ FEN · ÜÇÜNCÜ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · İkinci Madde
**Article Two**
Describes the wondrous artistry within the human body, of the animal soul acting by the command of the Most High, and certain functions of the body and characteristics of some organs.
O esteemed one! Know that the wise have said: The greatest pillar of a person's being is the heart, and the smallest is the mold, which is the husk of the heart. Just as the human body is the essence of the world, so too is the human heart the essence of the body. And the soul, which is the essence of essences, is the dwelling place of the Compassionate. As bodily sciences aid and benefit spiritual sciences, so too do spiritual sciences aid and benefit bodily sciences. For within the creation of the human body are such wondrous arts, astonishing wisdoms, diverse beauties, and varied functions that they are countless. In each organ, both external and internal, there are numerous benefits of which most people are unaware. For example, in the human body, hundreds of bones, hundreds of nerves, hundreds of vessels, and hundreds of voluntary movements have been created, and they are arranged in such a manner that each is found in another section, with another characteristic, another service, and another movement. Each has been created for a wisdom and a purpose. Here you will clearly see that all are recorded in broad strokes. But most people do not know how these things are or their nature. People only know that the eye is made to see, and the hand to grasp. But they do not know why ten layers make up the eye, what their structures are, and how they function. If any of those layers were harmed, the eye would cease to see. The common folk do not know how damage comes to the eye, or why it ceases to see, and things like that. They do not know how many bones there are in the hand, how many nerves and vessels, how each is arranged, and what manner of movements they perform. They do not know the shape and nature of the soul’s limbs, what the strength and function of each are, what sublime arts and benefits exist within each vital force.
For example, organs within a person such as the heart, stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, lungs, and kidneys; forces of drawing, grasping, digesting, separating (discriminating), expelling superfluities, shaping, increasing, and multiplying – all are appointed as servants in the body. And each is at its duty every moment in its own work. For the heart, which is the source of life, constantly gives to those organs mentioned above varying degrees of warmth and strength. The force of drawing in the stomach draws various foods into the stomach. The grasping force preserves them, and the digesting force cooks them. The separating force separates the solid from the subtle parts of cooked food and expels superfluities, sending the solid and thick portions to the intestines. The subtle part remaining in the stomach is drawn by the liver, and the shaping (coloring) force within the liver dyes it the color of blood. The black froth appearing upon it is drawn by the spleen and transformed. The yellow froth remaining, called bile, is drawn by the gallbladder and transformed. The phlegm contained therein is drawn by the lungs and sent through the throat with breath.
The cleansed blood, mixed with water within the liver, has not yet attained its consistency; therefore, before it, the kidneys draw it and transform it. The concentrated portion of what remains in the kidney goes to the bladder as urine. Then, the pure blood that attains consistency in the liver reaches all organs through the vessels. The force of growth gives life to the organs; strength and power manifest in the body’s flesh and fat. From the blood remaining within the vessels, the force of procreation produces sperm in males and both sperm and milk in females; sperm fills the kidneys and testicles (husye), while milk comes to the mammary veins. Thus, if the spleen fails to separate and pass on the sevdâ mentioned earlier from the blood due to illness, that blood mixed with sevdâ spreads throughout the body’s limbs, causing fiery illnesses (fevers, agues), diseases similar to leprosy [557], and madness – all sevdâvî illnesses. And if a disease afflicts the gallbladder and it fails to keep bile away from the blood, then diseases like thirst arise from that blood. Similar things occur with each of the organs and forces within the body; each performs its service. If one is missing or fails in its duty, various diseases arise, the body deteriorates, and the human soul cannot perform the tasks it is meant to do therein.
We glorify God, who created all things in a wise and artistic manner, free from all imperfection and fault. The glory of God is exalted; He creates beings with His power and ability and gives them form. His majesty is boundless. Goodness and beneficence encompass everyone. There is no god but Him.