SHOPPING SECTION · 35 – TRANSFERRING LAND PARTNERSHIP TO A SHARE
According to the narration of Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him):
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings upon him) partnered the people of Khaybar, granting them a share in (the land and gardens of) Khaybar in exchange for half of their produce.
According to the narration of Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him):
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings upon him) entrusted the date palms and land of Khaybar to the Jews of Khaybar, allowing them to cultivate and manage it as if it were their own property. Half of the produce would belong to the Prophet (peace and blessings upon him).
It is narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said:
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Khaybar and stipulated that the land, gold, and silver would be his. The people of Khaybar said, “We are better than you at farming. Let us partner with you in the lands of Khaybar so that half of the produce is ours and half is yours.”
Ibn Abbas states that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the land of Khaybar to the Jews on those terms. When the dates began to be harvested, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Abdullah ibn Rawha to determine how much had been gathered. Abdullah ibn Rawha estimated the quantity for them. The people of Medina would ascertain the amount of produce that came out. Abdullah ibn Rawha determined the number of dates in that plantation. The Jews said to Abdullah ibn Rawha, “You have greatly exaggerated the number of dates.” Abdullah ibn Rawha said, "I am an expert in determining quantities; I will give you half of what I stated." Thereupon the Jews said, “This is the truth; by it, the heavens and the earth stand firm. We accept the quantity you have mentioned.” [228]
COMMENTARY:
When the land of Khaybar was conquered, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the land of Khaybar to its former Jewish owners on half-share terms. He also gave them the care of the date palms of Khaybar, with the produce being halved. This partnership continued during the time of Abu Bakr after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When Umar became caliph, he expelled the Jews from the Arabian Peninsula due to a murder they committed. This partnership lasted until that time.
Imam al-Azam did not consider it permissible to give either land or orchards as a partnership.
Imam Shafi’i, Imam Malik, Imam Abu Yusuf, and Imam Muhammad based their permissibility of partnering in land and gardens on this hadith. (Ma'alim as-Sunan, vol. 5, p. 67)
A narration from Ja'far ibn Burkan was related with the same meaning and chain of transmission as the preceding hadith. He said the word "hazara," which carries the meaning of “to estimate” or “to prepare.” And when relating the words, "every yellow and white," he stated that these refer to "gold and silver."
COMMENTARY:
In this narration, the word "hazara" has been used to signify "to estimate." Because "hazr" means "to prepare" or "to estimate." It is explained that “yellow” refers to gold, and “white” refers to silver.
Mujaahid (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated:
[Following a similar narration as the preceding hadith regarding the conquest of Khaybar,] the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Abdullah bin Rawha estimated the dates.” In this narration, Abdullah bin Rawha said: "I am skilled in assessing the harvest of dates and determining its quantity; I will give you half of what I tell you."
Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, related:
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, sent Abdullah ibn Rawha to Khaybar while the fruits were still on it, before anyone had eaten from them. Abdullah ibn Rawha would estimate [the quantity of] dates. Then the Jews would accept this estimation and be given the option of taking that amount or giving it to Abdullah ibn Rawha. This was done before the fruits were consumed and separated, so that zakat could be assessed.
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: When Allah, may He be exalted and glorified, granted the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) Haybar without fighting, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) left the Jews in their place on the land. He made the produce of the land a partnership between himself and the Jews. He sent ‘Abdullah ibn Rawaha, who determined the amount [of the produce].
According to a narration from Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), he said:
Abdullah bin Rawha assessed the yield of the Hayber orchards as forty thousand *vesaq*. The narrator, Jabir, stated that Abdullah bin Rawha allowed the Jews freedom of choice and they harvested the fruit, incurring a debt of twenty *vesaq*.
**EXPLANATION:**
One *vesaq* is equivalent to sixty *sa’*. One *sa’* is equal to 3333 kilograms. Therefore, one *vesaq* is approximately 199,980 kilograms (one hundred ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred eighty grams). The average yield of dates from the Hayber orchards was around eight hundred tons. Four hundred tons were left for the Jews, and four hundred tons were brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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Okay, here is the translation of the provided text, aiming for faithfulness to the original Arabic phrasing and structure as much as possible while maintaining clarity in English. Note that some terms are left untranslated where they carry specific technical meaning within Islamic jurisprudence.
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[201]. Tirmizî, Book of Sales, Chapter on Disliking the Sale of Simâri until it is Visible, no. 1228; Ibn Mâjah, Book of Trade, no. 2217.
[202]. Bukhârî, Book of Sales, Chapter on Selling Simâri so that it is Visible.
[203]. Ibn Mâjah, Book of Trade, Chapter on Prohibiting the Sale of Simâri, no. 721.
[204]. Nasa'i, K. Buying, Chapter on Precious Stones, Hadith 4532; Muslim, K. Musaqat, Chapter on Precious Stones, Hadith 1554; Ibn Majah, K. Trade, Chapter on the Sale of Camels, Hadith 2218
[205]. Muslim, Hadith 1554; Ibn Majah, K. Trade, Chapter on the Sale of Camels, Hadith 2218
[206]. Muslim, K. Buying, Chapter on Annulment of Sales with Deception, Hadith 1513; Tirmidhi, K. Buying, Chapter on Disapproving of Sales with Falsehood, Hadith 1230; Nasa'i, K. Buying, Chapter on Sales with Deception, Hadith 4522; Ibn Majah, K. Trade, Chapter on Prohibiting Sales with Deception, Hadith 2194
[207]. Bukhari, K. Buying, Chapter on Annulment of Sales of Dissimulation and Concealment, Hadith 1512; Nasa'i, K. Buying, Chapter on Sales of Concealment, Hadith 4515; Ibn Majah, K. Trade, Chapter on Prohibiting Dissimulation and Concealment, Hadith 3170; Tirmidhi, K. Buying, Chapter on Dissimulation and Concealment, Hadith 1310
[208]. Bukhari, K. Buying, Hadith 3381; Muslim, K. Buying, Chapter on Prohibiting the Sale of Habal (a type of fruit), Hadith 1513; Tirmidhi, K. Buying, Chapter on Selling Habal, Hadith 1229; Nasa'i, K. Buying, Chapter on Selling Habal, Hadith 4626; Muwatta: K. Buying, Chapter on What is Not Permissible in the Sale of Animals
[209]. Tirmidhi, K. Buying, Hadith 1258; Ibn Majah, K. Sadaqat, Chapter on The Trustworthy Merchant, Hadith 2402; Bukhari, K. Signs of Prophethood, Hadith 203/4
[210]. Tirmidhi, K. Buying, Hadith 1257
[211]. Bukhari, K. Buying; Muslim, K. Remembrance, Chapter on the Story of the People of the Cave, Hadith 2743
[212]. Nasa'i, K. Buying, Chapter on Partnership without Capital, Hadith 4701; Ibn Majah, K. Trade, Chapter on Partnership and Mudharabah (profit-sharing), Hadith 2288
[213]. Muslim, K. Buying, Chapter on Surveying the Earth, Hadith 1547; Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Land with a Third Share, Hadith 3940; Ibn Majah, K. Rahun (Land), Chapter on Surveying the Earth, Hadith 2453
[214]. Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Land with a Third Share, Hadith 3959; Ibn Majah, K. Rahun (Land), Chapter on What is Disliked in Agriculture, Hadith 2461
[215]. Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Earth, Hadith 3925
[216]. Bukhari, K. Agriculture and Irrigation, Hadith 137/3; Muslim, K. Buying, Chapter on Surveying the Earth with Gold and Vegetation, Hadith 1547; Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Land with a Third Share, Hadith 3932
[217]. Bukhari, K. Agriculture, Hadith 142/3; Muslim, K. Buying, Chapter on Surveying the Earth, Hadith 112; Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Land with a Third and a Quarter Share, Hadith 3935
[218]. Muslim, K. Buying, Chapter on Surveying the Earth with Food, Hadith 1548; Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Earth, Hadith 1928; Ibn Majah, K. Rahun (Land), Chapter on Surveying the Earth with Food, Hadith 2465
[219]. Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Earth, Hadith 3955; Ibn Majah, K. Rahun (Land), Chapter on Permitting Surveying the Earth, Hadith 2460
[220]. Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Earth, Hadith 3920
[221]. Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Earth, Hadith 3921; Ibn Majah, K. Rahun (Land), Chapter on Mudharabah with a Third Share, Hadith 2449
[222]. Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Prohibiting Surveying the Earth, Hadith 3958
[223]. Tirmidhi, K. Judgments, Chapter on He Who Cultivates the Land of a People Without Their Permission, Hadith 1366; Ibn Majah, K. Rahun (Land), Chapter on He Who Cultivates the Land of a People Without Their Permission, Hadith 2466
[224]. Muslim, K. Buying, Chapter on Prohibiting Mimicking and Competition, Hadith 1536; Ibn Majah, K. Trade, Chapter on Competition and Mimicking with Words, Hadith 2266
[225]. Muslim, K. Buying, Chapter on Prohibiting Mimicking, Hadith 1536; Bukhari, K. Musaqat, Chapter on A Man Having a Camel for Him, Hadith 151/3; Tirmidhi, K. Buying, Chapter on Prohibition of Sanya (falsehood), Hadith 1290; Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Mentioning the Various Hadiths Concerning Prohibition, Hadith 3910; Ibn Majah, Hadith 2266
[226]. Tirmidhi, K. Judgments, Chapter on What is Mentioned in Agriculture, Hadith 1383; Muslim, K. Musaqat, Chapter on Musaqat and Dealing with a Share of the Camel, Hadith 1551; Bukhari, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Mudharabah with a Condition, Hadith 137/3; Ibn Majah, K. Rahun (Land), Chapter on Deals of Prohibition and Generosity, Hadith 2467
[227]. Muslim, K. Musaqat, Chapter on Musaqat and Dealing with a Share of the Camel, Hadith 5; Nasa'i, K. Agriculture, Chapter on Mentioning Differences in Wordings, Hadith 3961
[228]. Ibn Majah, K. Zakat, Chapter on Prohibition of Harvesting and Grazing, Hadith 1820
(One) day the merchants used to call us brokers. (A) day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by us and gave us a more beautiful name and said: “O company of traders, there is lying and vanity in trade. So mix charity with it.” [171]
The Prophet ﷺ became surety for a man’s debt. The man took the amount of money he had promised from the Prophet ﷺ, brought it. The Prophet ﷺ asked him, "From where did you obtain this?" He said, “I extracted it from the mine.” The Prophet ﷺ said, “We have no need for it; there is no good in it.” The Prophet ﷺ paid his debt. [172]
Narrated by Ibn Ishaq: He said, “It will be mixed with the dust of interest.” [174]
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ cursed one who eats interest, gives it, witnesses it, and the scribe. [175]
During the Farewell Hajj, the Prophet ﷺ said
I have heard: "Take heed! All interest-bearing transactions from the pre-Islamic period are abolished.”
Your capital belongs to you; neither have you committed injustice nor been subjected to it. Take heed: Blood feuds from the pre-Islamic period are also abolished. The first blood feud to be ended was that of (my uncle) Haris bin Abdulmuttalib (his son Rabia). Rabia was being suckled by Banu Leys when Huzayfa killed him.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said three times: “O Allah, have I conveyed [the message]?” And the companions replied three times: "Yes." The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said three times: “Witness, O Lord.” [176]
I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “The yamin (pledge) of a seller fulfills his expectation but removes its blessing.” Ibn Serh used the word "blessing" instead of "benefit." Ibn Serh narrated from Sa’id bin Musayyab, who narrated from Abu Hurayra, who narrated from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. [177]
I and Mahrefe al-Abd (from Beldes) brought cloth from there to Mecca. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came to us and bargained with us over a serawil (undergarment), which we sold to him. There was a man there weighing by measure and money. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him: “Be generous in the matter of weight and money.” [178]
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, "I came to him before I emigrated from Mecca," and then narrated this hadith. Shu’ba omitted the phrase "(a man) who weighed by measure for wages" from this narration. [179]
Abu Dawud said: Malik bin Dinar narrated from Ata, who narrated from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and there was disagreement regarding this hadith. [180]
Abu Dawud said: The person mentioned in the narration is Saman bin Mushannaj. [181]
Jabir says: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, performed the funeral prayer for him. Almighty Allah granted the Prophet victories (and as opportunities increased) He takes over the debts of those who die indebted, saying: "I am closer to every believer than his own self; whoever is burdened by a debt, I pay it off for him; whoever leaves behind wealth, it belongs to his heirs.” [182]
“It is injustice for a wealthy person to delay (the payment of) the debt of another. Whoever is entrusted with collecting a debt from a wealthy person should accept it (and collect it from the wealthy person)." [183]
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, bought a young camel from a man intending to pay him later, and when the time came, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered that man not to pay him. I said: "I could not find anything but a fine camel that has completed six years." The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Give it to him; the best of people is the one who pays off his debt in the best manner.” [184]
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had a debt owed to him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, paid off his debt to me and gave me more than what I was owed. [185]
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Selling gold for silver is interest. But if one is given in spot, the other is taken, it is an exception. Selling wheat for wheat is interest, but if one is given in spot, the other is taken, it is an exception. Selling dates for dates is interest, but if one is given in spot, the other is taken, it is an exception. Selling barley for barley is interest, but if one is given in spot, the other is taken, it is an exception.” [186]
“Gold and silver are to be sold for their like (equal weight), wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt. It is permissible to buy and sell them in this manner. Whoever adds or demands more than the measure has committed interest. But it is not objectionable to buy gold with a little extra silver on spot. Deferred sale is not permissible. It is not objectionable to buy wheat with its weight and a little extra barley on spot. But deferred sale is not permissible.” [187]
I bought a necklace containing gold and precious stones for twelve dinars on the day of the conquest of Khaybar. I separated the gold and the stones. I found more than twelve dirhams of gold in the necklace, and I told this to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The necklace cannot be sold until the gold is separated from the other material.” [188]
“We were with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, on the day of the conquest of Khaybar.” We used to buy and sell one Ukkiyyah of silver for one dinar. The narrators other than Kutayyiba said that they would buy and sell it for two and three dinars. Then the narrators agreed that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Buy and sell gold for gold in equal weight.” [189]
I used to sell camels at Baki’, selling them with dinars of gold and taking silver dirhams in return, selling with silver dirhams and taking dinars of gold in return, taking dinars of gold in place of silver dirhams, and silver dirhams in place of dinars of gold. I came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was with his wife Hafsa. I said: “O Messenger of Allah, allow me to ask you a question.” I sell camels at Baki’, selling them with dinars of gold and taking silver dirhams in return, selling with silver dirhams and taking dinars of gold in return, taking dinars of gold in place of silver dirhams, and silver dirhams in place of dinars of gold. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There is no objection to you taking silver dirhams in place of gold until the day’s rayiq (dust) has settled.” [190]
If someone sells something that is not yet in existence, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling it. [191]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) bought two slaves for a slave. [192]
Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) whether yellow, aged barley could be sold for green, fresh barley. Sa'd asked him which was superior. Zayd said, "The yellow, aged barley is superior." Thus, Sa’d forbade selling the yellow, aged barley for the green, fresh barley. He said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forbidden sales with debt. [193]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling dates on the tree at their price, grapes on the vine at their price, and harvested wheat for unharvested wheat. [194]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted sales by barter regarding fresh dates and dried dates. [195]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling fresh dates for dried dates. He permitted barter, which is to sell the fruit estimated in proportion to its measure. Those who buy the fresh fruit eat it fresh. [196]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted sales by barter regarding dates in five *wasq*s or less. The narrator, Dawud ibn Husayn, was unsure whether it was five *wasq*s or less. [197]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling fruit before it fully developed. He forbade both the seller and the buyer. [198]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the seller and the buyer from selling and buying wheat until it reddened, and dates until they were free from spoilage. [199]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling fruit before it reached its full maturity. It was asked, "What is full maturity?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) replied, “Until it reddens, yellows, and is eaten from it.” [200]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling grapes until they blacken and wheat until it ripens and hardens. [201]
Regarding a dispute that arose among people concerning the sale of fruit on trees before its *salah* appeared, Urwa ibn Zubayr reported from Sahl ibn Abi Hasma who said: People used to buy and sell fruit on trees before its *salah* appeared. When they harvested the fruit and the time came for payment, the buyer would say, “The fruit rotted, fell off prematurely, and was afflicted by disease.” Disputes increased among them in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, as if he were exchanging opinions with them, "If these disputes and disagreements continue, do not sell fruit on trees until it matures." This prohibition was due to the increase in disputes and disagreements. [202]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling fruit on a tree except by barter, and said, “No price other than dinars and dirhams can be paid for fruit.” [203]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling the fruits of a tree before they came to fruition over several years, and excused the loss of fruit destroyed by calamity. [204]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade *muawama* (sales with deferred payment). One of the narrators, Abu Zubayr and Sa’id ibn Mina, said instead, “*bay’u-sinin*.” [205]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling something that the buyer and seller did not know its *rukun*. The narrator, Osman ibn Abi Shabba, added to it *bay'ul-hasat* (sales by throwing pebbles). [206]
It was narrated from the preceding hadith. The narrator, Abdurrazzak, added: *Istimalu’s-samman*: is to throw the two sleeves over the left shoulder and wear the garment with the right shoulder exposed. *Munabeza*: is when the seller says, “The sale is final when I throw this garment at you.” *Mulamesa*: is when the buyer touches the garment without opening it or looking at it and the sale becomes final just by touching it. [207]
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade *habilu’l-habala*: “until the fetus in the she-camel is born and then conceives again.” [208]
3384 – Urwa al-Bariqi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a dinar to buy a sacrificial animal. Urwa bought two sheep for one dinar, sold one of the sheep for one dinar, and brought the other sheep and a dinar to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) then prayed for blessing in his trade. By this blessing, if Urwa had bought land, he would have made profit from it. [209]
A woman brought one dinar and sold it, then returned. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) bought a sacrificial animal for one dinar. She also brought one dinar to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave away the dinar in charity and made supplication that Hakim bin Hizam’s trade would be blessed. [210]
The companions said, “O Messenger of Allah, who is the owner of a *firak* of rice?”
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) narrated the story of the cave during the migration and said, "One of those in the cave said, 'Tell me about the best deeds you do.' So the third one said: ‘O Allah, You know that I employed a day laborer for a *firak* of rice. When I ate, I offered him his wage, but he refused and left. Then I invested his money. I acquired cattle for him and a shepherd. One day he came to me and said, 'Give me my right.' I said to him, ‘Go; the cattle and the shepherd are yours.’ So he went away, leading the herd before him.’” [211]
I, Ammar, and Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with them) shared in the spoils of war that we obtained on the day of Badr. Sa’d came with two captives, while I and Ammar brought nothing. [212]
I mentioned this to Tawus, and he said: Ibn Abbas told me that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did not prohibit sharecropping. However, he said: "It is better for one of you to give his land to someone without demanding anything from it than to take a specified portion of what comes out of it through sharecropping." [213]
In a Musaddad narration: Rafi bin Hadij added that he only heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say, "Do not rent out lands.” [214]
We used to rent out land irrigated by water from the edges and what was on them. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade us from doing so. He ordered us to rent out the land in return for gold and silver. [215]
The narration related by Ibrahim bin Musa is more complete. In the narration of Qutaiba, it is stated that Hanza narrated from Rafi (may Allah be pleased with him). [216]
Abu Dawud said: Abu Najashi is Ata bin Suhail. [217]
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade us something beneficial for us, but obedience to Allah and His Messenger is more beneficial for us. Rafi said: We asked our uncle what that prohibition was? Our uncle said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Whoever has land should either cultivate it himself or let a brother cultivate it. He should not rent out the produce of the land in return for one-third, one-fourth, or a specified amount of food.” [218]
Abu Dawud said: Shu’ba and Mufaddal bin Muhallal narrated this hadith from Mansur in this way. Shu'ba said: Useyd is the son of Rafi bin Hadij's brother. [219]
Rafi said: We took our crops, and returned sustenance to the one who cultivated them. Sa’id bin Musayyab said: "Either entrust your land to your brother for cultivation or rent out your land to him for a dirham." [220]
3400 – Rafi bin Hadij (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade renting out land in return for wheat, selling dates from the tree with fresh dates, and omitting an unspecified amount from what is sold. He only permitted omitting it if the amount was specified. [221]
I was an orphan. I was under the guardianship of Rafi bin Hadij. I performed Hajj with him. My brother Umran bin Sahl came to him and said: “We rented our land to a woman for two hundred dirhams.” Rafi bin Hadij said, "Leave it; the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade renting out land." [222]
3403 – Rafi bin Hadij (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “If someone cultivates the land of a people without their permission, then nothing is given to him from the cultivation. But he has his wage.” [223]
In the narration related by Musaddad from Hammad, one of them (Abu Zubeir and Sa’id bin Mina) narrates it as *al-Muawama*, and the other as *bay' us-sinin* (sale by the year). Then they agreed in wording to prohibit omitting an unspecified amount from what is sold, but he permitted *araya* (a form of sharecropping). [224]
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade selling dried grapes with fresh grapes, selling unthreshed wheat with wheat on the stalk, and omitting an unspecified amount from what is sold. He said: “Unless the omitted amount is specified.” [225]
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave the people of Khaybar a share in the produce of Khaybar’s lands and gardens in return for half of what comes out. [226]
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave the Jews of Khaybar the lands and orchards of Khaybar so that they could use their own property to cultivate them and care for them, with half of the produce belonging to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). [227]
Ibn Abbas claimed that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave the Jews of Khaybar the land of Khaybar on those terms. When the dates began to ripen, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent Abdullah bin Rawaha to determine how much had been harvested. Abdullah bin Rawaha would estimate the amount of produce for them. The people of Medina used to determine the quantity of the harvest that came out. Abdullah bin Rawaha determined that there were so many dates in this orchard. The Jews said, "O Ibn-i Rawaha…."
Here's the translation of the provided text:
"It has been narrated on the authority of ‘Abdullah bin Rawha that some Jews came to me and said, "Tell us about a thing which we may say in the presence of the people so that they may be guided." I replied: “Say: Glory be to Allah! And all praise is due to Him. There is no deity but Allah alone, without any partners. To Him belongs all sovereignty and praise. And He has power over all things.”
They said: "Tell us about a thing which we may give as Zakat (charity)." I replied: “Give dates.” They said: "We have plenty of dates, so what shall we give?" I replied: “Then give raisins." They said: "We have plenty of raisins, so what shall we give?” I replied: “Then give pounded barley.” They said: "We have plenty of pounded barley, so what shall we give?" I replied: “Then give wheat.”
They said: "Tell us about a thing which we may say when we are in the company of the people." I replied: “Say: ‘Allah is sufficient for me; He is my Master. Upon Him do I rely, and to Him is my return.’”
They said: "Tell us about a thing which we may give as a gift.” I replied: “Give dates.” They said: "We have plenty of dates." I said: “Then give pounded barley.” They said: "We have plenty of pounded barley." I said: “Then give wheat.” They said: "We have plenty of wheat." I said: “Then give silver.” They said: "We have plenty of silver." I said: “Then give gold.” They said: "We have plenty of gold."
I said: "By Allah! I am well-acquainted with the measure of dates, and I am a person who gives correct measures.” The Jews said: "If you had told us about a lesser quantity, we would have known that you were lying. But since you are telling us the truth, we accept it." [228]"
