Islamic History · July 1, 2026

The Two Hundred and Seventy-Fifth Year of the Hijra

In the month of Muḥarram of this year, a fierce battle took place near Senniyyat al-ʿUqāb, east of Damascus, between Ibn Abī al-Sāj and Khumārawayh. Khumārawayh defeated Ibn Abī al-Sāj and routed him. Ibn Abī al-Sāj had …

In the month of Muḥarram of this year, a fierce battle took place near Senniyyat al-ʿUqāb, east of Damascus, between Ibn Abī al-Sāj and Khumārawayh. Khumārawayh defeated Ibn Abī al-Sāj and routed him. Ibn Abī al-Sāj had possessions and goods in Ḥimṣ. Khumārawayh sent some of his men to Ḥimṣ ahead of him. There, they seized the goods belonging to Ibn Abī al-Sāj and prevented him from entering Ḥimṣ. As a result, Ibn Abī al-Sāj went to Ḥalab. However, when Khumārawayh also prevented him from entering Ḥalab, he then went to Raqqa, with Khumārawayh in pursuit. Afterwards, he went to Mosul. There, due to Khumārawayh's pursuit, he began to hide. Yet Khumārawayh continued to follow him.

He also came to Mosul. There, Ibn Abī al-Sāj had a throne made with very long legs. He placed this throne on the Euphrates River and sat upon it.

At this time, Ibn Kundāj hoped to capture him. He pursued him in order to seize his goods as spoils. However, he was unable to do so. On some days, they confronted each other. Ibn Abī al-Sāj showed great endurance and sabr (patient endurance) against him. Then Ibn Kundāj turned back and went to Baghdad, to Muwafaq. Muwafaq honored him and clothed him with a robe of honor. Together, they went to Jabal and conversed. After this, Isḥāq b. Kundāj returned from al-Jazīra to Diyār Bakr.

In the month of Shawwāl of this year, Abū Aḥmad al-Muwaffaq imprisoned his son Abū'l-ʿAbbās al-Muʿtaḍid in the government palace. The reason was as follows: Abū Aḥmad wanted to send him somewhere, but he was not willing to go anywhere except for Damascus, to which he had been appointed by his uncle al-Muʿtamid. When his son al-Muʿtaḍid refused to go, Abū Aḥmad ordered him to be thrown into prison. Upon the imprisonment of Abū'l-ʿAbbās, some commanders revolted. Disorder broke out in Baghdad. Muwafaq then went to Baghdad and said to the people: "Do you think you are more compassionate toward my son than I am?" Upon his saying this, the people calmed down, and then the crowd dispersed and left.

In this year, Rāfiʿ went against Muḥammad b. Zayd al-ʿAlawī and took the city of Jurjān from him. Muḥammad b. Zayd al-ʿAlawī then fled to Astarābād. Rāfiʿ went and besieged him there for years. Famine broke out there. Prices rose so high that salt weighing one dirham was sold for two dirhams. Muḥammad b. Zayd fled from Astarābād by night to Sāriyya. After long wars, Rāfiʿ took many cities from him.

In the month of Muḥarram or Ṣafar of this year, the Emir of al-Andalus, Munḏir b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Umawī, died at the age of sixty-four. He had ruled in al-Andalus for one year and eleven months. He was a dark-skinned, tall man, with traces of smallpox on his face. He was generous, praiseworthy, loved poets, and gave them abundant gifts of money. After his death, his brother Muḥammad succeeded him. During Muḥammad's time, the land of al-Andalus was engulfed in fitna (discord) and evil. Eventually, as will be described later, he perished.

Notable Figures Who Died in the Two Hundred and Seventy-Fifth Year of the Hijra