In this year, Maslama b. ʿAbd al-Malik fought against the great Turkish Khagan. The Khagan advanced upon Maslama with a large army. The two sides faced each other for nearly a month. Then, by the will of Allah, the Khagan was routed during the winter season. Maslama gathered spoils and returned safely. On his return to Damascus, he traveled via the route of Dhu al-Qarnayn. This expedition was called the "Battle of Mud" (Çamur Gazvesi), because during the return journey they passed through swamps and muddy roads. For this reason, many riding animals drowned and perished. Most of the soldiers became covered in mud. After being subjected to very severe and arduous conditions and afflicted by calamities, they were able to escape.
The governor of Khurasan, Ashras b. ʿAbd Allah al-Sulami, invited the dhimmīs (zimmīler; non-Muslim protected peoples) in the regions of Samarqand and Transoxiana (Mā warāʾ al-nahr) to embrace Islam. In return, he promised to lift the jizya (poll tax) from them. They responded to this call, and many of them became Muslims. Later, when Ashras again demanded the jizya from them, they fought against him. Subsequently, many battles also took place between Ashras b. ʿAbd Allah and the Turks.
The Commander of the Faithful (Amīr al-Muʾminīn), Hisham b. ʿUbayda, sent a governor to Ifriqiya in this year. When the governor arrived there, he appointed his son and brother as commanders over a military unit and sent them on an expedition. They fought against the polytheists (mushrikūn; those who commit shirk), killed many of them, and captured their commander. The remainder were routed, and the Muslims seized a large amount of spoils from the polytheists.
Muʿāwiya b. Hisham conquered two fortresses in Byzantine territory and obtained abundant spoils.
Ibrahim b. Hisham led the people in the pilgrimage (ḥajj). In Iraq, Khālid al-Qasrī was serving as governor, and in Khurasan, Ashras al-Sulami was also acting as governor.