Islamic History · July 1, 2026

The Sultanate of Malik Mansur Laçin al-Silahtarî

Laçin al-Silahtarî took possession of the treasury and went to Egypt with the soldiers. He entered Egypt with great pomp and ceremony. The majority of the umarāʾ (commanders) had allied with him, pledged their bayʿa …

Laçin al-Silahtarî took possession of the treasury and went to Egypt with the soldiers. He entered Egypt with great pomp and ceremony. The majority of the umarāʾ (commanders) had allied with him, pledged their bayʿa (allegiance) to him, and made him their sovereign. Laçin ascended the throne of the country on the Friday of the tenth of the month of Safar. In Egypt, drums of glad tidings were beaten. In the city, khutbas (sermons) were read in his name from the minbars (pulpits). In the cities of Jerusalem and Hebron, khutbas were also read in his name, and he was given the title Malik al-Mansūr (the Victorious King). Similarly, in the cities of Karak, Nablus, and Safad, drums of glad tidings and joy were beaten because of his accession to the throne. A group from the Damascus umarāʾ also came to him. A cavalry unit from the city of Rahba, under the command of Emir Sayf al-Din Geçkin, came to Egypt but did not enter the city. They set up camp in the field of Hism. They openly expressed their opposition to Sultan Kutbuğa.

They declared that they were obedient to Mansur Laçin, the ruler of Egypt. After this, the umarāʾ went to Sultan Laçin in groups, companies, and contingents. Sultan Kutbuğa's situation seriously weakened. When he saw that his condition was deteriorating and that he was shaken, he said to the umarāʾ, "Laçin is my friend; he and I are the same. I obey his command and submit to him. Wherever he wants me to sit in the fortress, I will sit there." Finally, the umarāʾ wrote a letter to Sultan Laçin and awaited his reply. Eventually, the order to keep Sultan Kutbuğa under guard in the fortress was sent by post. People fell into confusion. Various words were spoken, and the fortress gates were locked. All the gates of the city except Nasr and Huha gates were locked. The people gathered in crowds around the fortress; some even fell into the moat and died.

On Saturday evening, people heard that Malik Mansur Laçin's name had been proclaimed as sultan. After the ʿaṣr (afternoon) prayer, drums of joy were beaten for this reason. On Sunday night at dawn, the muezzins at the Damascus Mosque prayed for him and recited the following ayah:

"O Muhammad, say: 'O Allah, Owner of the dominion, You give dominion to whom You will and You take dominion away from whom You will; You honor whom You will and You humble whom You will.'" (Âl ʿImrān 3:26).

On Sunday, the qāḍīs (judges) and emirs gathered, including Gurlu al-ʿĀdilī. The meeting place was the Dār al-Saʿāda Palace. They continued to swear bayʿa to Mansur Laçin's sultanate, and this was proclaimed in the city. The people were ordered to open their shops. Ṣāḥib Shihāb al-Dīn and his brother Muḥtasib Zayn al-Dīn hid. The governor Ibn Nashshābī took on the office of muḥtasib (market inspector) of the city. Then Muḥtasib Zayn al-Dīn appeared and resumed his duties as usual. Similarly, his brother Shihāb al-Dīn also appeared. The deputy of the region, Gurlu, and Emir Jān went to Egypt and informed Sultan Laçin that bayʿa had been sworn to him in Damascus by his order. A letter from the Sultan arrived in Damascus on Friday, the tenth of Safar. The letter stated that the sultan had ascended the throne of the country and that on the sixteenth of the same month he paraded in Cairo with the pomp of sovereignty, wearing the khilʿa (robe of honor) given by the caliph, with the umarāʾ walking before him.

It was also announced that Emir Sayf al-Dīn Sungur al-Mansūrī had been appointed as the deputy of Egypt. On the first day of Rabiʿ al-Awwal in Damascus, a khutba was read for Sultan Laçin. The qāḍīs, Shams al-Dīn al-ʿĀṣir and Geçkin, were present in the assembly. Also, a group from the Damascus umarāʾ came there. Qāḍī Imām al-Dīn al-Qazvīnī, Ḥusām al-Dīn al-Ḥanafī, and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Malikī were summoned to the land of Egypt. The master of the sultan's palace, Emir Ḥusām al-Dīn, and Sayf al-Dīn Jān were commissioned by the sultan to come and make the umarāʾ swear bayʿa a second time. Accompanied by Qāḍī Badr al-Dīn b. Jamāʿ and Geçkin, they entered the fortress to the side of the former Sultan ʿĀdil Kutbuğa. After a lengthy conversation in Turkish, they made him swear a reinforced oath of bayʿa to Sultan Laçin. During the bayʿa, they took his Turkish pledge that he consented to reside in any town.

After this, it was confirmed that Kutbuğa would go to the Serhat fortress. A firman (decree) arrived appointing Takiyy al-Dīn Tawba as vizier. Shihāb al-Dīn al-Ḥanafī was dismissed from office. Shams al-Dīn al-ʿAykī's owner, Amīn al-Dīn Yūsuf al-ʿArmānī al-Rūmī, was appointed muḥtasib. Previously, Zayn al-Dīn al-Ḥanafī had held this office but was dismissed.

Emir Sayf al-Dīn Kipchak al-Mansūrī arrived in Damascus on Saturday morning, the sixteenth of Rabiʿ al-Awwal, as deputy of Damascus. Previously, Gurlu al-ʿĀdilī had held this position. He went to and settled in Dār al-Saʿāda. All the soldiers came out to greet him. On Friday, he went to the maḳṣūra (governor's chamber) and prayed there. After Friday prayer, a firman sent with Sultan Laçin's signature was read. This firman stated that waqf (endowment) properties and personal estates could be taken by the state without compensation unless the owners consented. Qāḍī Muḥyī al-Dīn b. Faḍlallāh, head of the construction bureau, read this firman. Additionally, an announcement was made in the city informing those wronged to come to the palace of justice on Tuesday. The umarāʾ, leading notables, and officials such as qāḍīs and scribes were given khilʿas. Badr al-Dīn b. Jamāʿ was given two khilʿas, one for qāḍīship and one for preaching.

In the month of Jamādī al-Ākhir, a post arrived stating that Imām al-Dīn al-Qazvīnī had been appointed qāḍī of Damascus and that Badr al-Dīn b. Jamāʿ, who held that office, was dismissed from qāḍīship and retained only the office of preacher. It also stated that the teaching position of the Kaymariyya Madrasa, held by Imām al-Dīn, was given to him. In a special letter sent by the sultan, Badr al-Dīn b. Jamāʿ was addressed with respect and honor. He began teaching at the Kaymariyya Madrasa on Thursday, the second of Rajab. Imām al-Dīn arrived in Damascus on Wednesday, the eighth of Rajab, after the noon prayer. He sat in the judiciary and gave judgments among the people.

Poets praised him with qaṣīdas (panegyric odes). One of the qaṣīdas praising him was:

"Days bringing ease after hardship have come. The borders of Damascus have been illuminated with the glimmers of glad tidings."

When Imām al-Dīn arrived, he wore the sultan's khilʿa. Qāḍī ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Zawāwī was also with him. The Maliki qāḍī judge ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Zawāwī also wore a khilʿa. It was reported that Imām al-Dīn's demeanor on the journey was very good, his morals excellent, well-mannered, courteous, and pleasant.

Imām al-Dīn al-Zawāwī gave a lesson at the ʿĀdiliyya on Wednesday morning in the middle of Rajab. After the lesson, he announced that his brother Jalāl al-Dīn had been appointed deputy judge. Sitting in the small council with his khilʿa on, people came to congratulate him. The appointment firman was read on Friday after prayer in the presence of the deputy of the sultanate and other qāḍīs near the Kemālī window of the Umayyad Mosque. The reader was Sharaf al-Dīn al-Fazārī.

In the month of Shaʿbān of this year, it was reported that Shams al-Dīn al-ʿĀṣir had been appointed to the vizierate of Egypt and the divan (council) vizierate and had begun these two offices; that Fahreddīn b. Shayrājī had been appointed to the vizierate of the Damascus divans in place of Zayn al-Dīn b. Sāsarī and had begun his duties; that after about a month or less, Fahreddīn was dismissed and replaced by Amīn al-Dīn b. Hilāl; and that the teaching of the Shāmiyyat al-Barrāniyya, together with the Nāṣiriyya Madrasa teaching, was again given to Shaykh Zayn al-Dīn al-Fankī due to the disappearance of Kamāl al-Dīn b. Sharīshī in Cairo.

On the fourteenth of Dhu al-Qaʿda of this year, Sultan Laçin arrested the deputy of the land of Egypt, Emir Shams al-Dīn Kara Sungur al-Mansūrī, along with a group of umarāʾ, and confiscated their properties and estates in Egypt and Damascus. He appointed Emir Sayf al-Dīn Mangūtemir al-Ḥusāmī as deputy of Egypt. The emirs he arrested had previously helped Sultan Laçin against Kutbuğa.

Shaykh Kamāl al-Dīn al-Sharīshī came to Damascus. He brought with him the firman appointing him to the Nāṣiriyya Madrasa in place of the Shāmiyyat al-Barrāniyya Madrasa.

The vizier of Egypt and divan vizier, Emir Shams al-Dīn Sungur al-ʿĀṣir, was arrested on Saturday, the twenty-third of Dhu al-Ḥijja. His properties and estates in Egypt and Damascus were confiscated.

In Dhu al-Ḥijja, an announcement was made in Egypt that dhimmīs (non-Muslim subjects) should not ride horses or mules; if one was seen riding one of these mounts, it was announced that their mounts would be confiscated.

In this year, Sultan Malik Muʿayyad Ḥizb al-Dīn Dāwūd b. Malik Muzaffar conquered Yemen.

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