Islamic History · July 1, 2026

The Killing of al-Mustaʿīn

In the month of Shawwal of this year, al-Muʿtazz sent a letter to his governor, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir, commanding him to prepare a military unit to be sent against al-Mustaʿīn. The governor assigned this task …

In the month of Shawwal of this year, al-Muʿtazz sent a letter to his governor, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir, commanding him to prepare a military unit to be sent against al-Mustaʿīn. The governor assigned this task to Aḥmad b. Ṭūlūn al-Turki, who was then dispatched to al-Mustaʿīn. Aḥmad b. Ṭūlūn set out six days before the end of Ramadan, went to al-Mustaʿīn, and on the 3rd of Shawwal took him to Katol and then killed him. According to another narration, he was beaten until he died, perishing under the blows. There are various reports that he was killed by being thrown into the Tigris River and drowned, or that he was killed by a blow to the neck.

According to what Ibn Jarīr relates, when al-Mustaʿīn realized he was about to be killed, he asked Saʿīd b. Ṣāliḥ al-Turki for permission to perform two rakʿas of prayer, and this permission was granted. While he was in the final prostration of the prayer, he was killed in prostration, and his body was buried at the place where he had prayed. The location of his grave was concealed and not disclosed to anyone, and his severed head was sent to al-Muʿtazz. While al-Muʿtazz was playing chess, al-Mustaʿīn's severed head was brought before him, and he was told: "This is the severed head of the one who was executed." He replied: "Put it aside; I will look at it after I finish my game." After completing his game, he looked at the head and ordered it to be buried. He then commanded that 50,000 dirhams be given to Saʿīd b. Ṣāliḥ, who had killed him, and appointed Ṣāliḥ as the director of charitable affairs in Basra.

In this year, ʿAlawī Ismāʿīl b. Yūsuf, who had initiated a rebellion in Mecca and carried out impious activities in the Haram, died. Allah hastened his destruction in this year and did not grant him any respite.

As mentioned in previous sections, in this year Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Muʿtaṣim (that is, al-Mustaʿīn) died.

In this year, notable figures such as Isḥāq b. Bahlūl, Ziyād b. Ayyūb, Muḥammad b. Bashshār, Gunder, Mūsā b. Muthannā al-Zamin, and also Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm al-Dawraqī passed away.