Islamic History · July 1, 2026

Zümrüt Hatun

She was the daughter of Çavlı. She was the maternal half-sister of Malik Dokmak b. Tutuş. Zümrüt was the patron of the Hatuniye Madrasa, located in the place called Tellü's-Salip in the town of San'a outside Damascus. …

She was the daughter of Çavlı. She was the maternal half-sister of Malik Dokmak b. Tutuş. Zümrüt was the patron of the Hatuniye Madrasa, located in the place called Tellü's-Salip in the town of San'a outside Damascus. This place lies to the west of Damascus and to the southeast of Sham San'a. It has long been a well-known town. She endowed this madrasa to Shaykh Burhan al-Din Ali b. Muhammad al-Balkhī al-Hanafī. Zümrüt Hatun was the wife of Malik Böri b. Tuğtekin. She bore him a son named Shams al-Mulūk Ismāʿīl. After his father Böri, Shams al-Mulūk Ismāʿīl ascended the throne. Like his father, he treated the people with good governance. At one point, the Crusaders attacked the Muslims. He then intended to surrender the city and its wealth to the Crusaders. They killed him. The brother of Shams al-Mulūk Ismāʿīl also appealed to Zümrüt Hatun and, after receiving her help, ascended the throne in place of Shams al-Mulūk.

Zümrüt Hatun had studied the sciences of the Qur'an and listened to hadith. She belonged to the Ḥanafī school. She loved scholars and righteous people. The wild Atabeg Zengi of Aleppo, because of her, became desirous of obtaining Damascus and married her. However, through this marriage, he was not able to seize Damascus. On the contrary, Zümrüt Hatun did not remain in Damascus, but due to this marriage, she went to Aleppo, the city of Atabeg Zengi, and continued to reside there. After the death of Atabeg Zengi, she returned to Damascus. Then she went to Baghdad, and from there to the Ḥijāz, and lived for a year in Mecca as a mujāwira (one who resides near the Sacred Mosque). After coming from Mecca, she resided in al-Madīna al-Nabawiyya and remained there until her death in that year. Upon her death, she was buried in the Baqīʿ cemetery. She did much good, gave charity, performed prayer, and fasted.

al-Sibt said: "Zümrüt Hatun gave charity until her wealth diminished, distributed her possessions, and died possessing little property. At the end of her life, she would sift wheat and barley and sustain herself by the wage she earned from sifting. This is complete goodness and happiness, and a beautiful end. May the Exalted Allah have mercy on her. The Exalted Allah, who is free from all deficiencies, surely knows her state best."