al-Aʿmā is interpreted in three ways:
1. The word al-Aʿmā is used in the sense of the blindness of the qalb (the heart)'s eye; as in the following verses:
For indeed, it is not the eyes that are blinded, but blinded are the hearts which are within the breasts. (al-Ḥajj/46)
Deaf, dumb, blind—they do not understand. {that is, their qalb / the eye of their heart is blind. For this reason, they do not comprehend hudā (guidance)} (al-Baqara/171)
The aʿmā (that is, the one whose qalb / the eye of the heart is blind and does not see hudā (guidance) with his heart, i.e., the disbeliever) and the baṣīr (the seeing) are not equal. (Fāṭir/19)
And among them are those who look at you. But can you guide the aʿmā {those whose qalb / the eye of their heart is blind} even though they do not [wish to] see? Moreover, {they have no insight regarding hudā (guidance)}! (Yūnus/43)
Whoever is aʿmā here (that is, regarding the matter mentioned in the verse of the Exalted Allah, "And We have certainly honored the children of Adam" (al-Isrāʾ/70), whoever's qalb / the eye of the heart is blind and does not recognize his Lord and does not affirm His oneness [tawhid]), he will be aʿmā [without insight] in the Hereafter as well, and more astray in way. (al-Isrāʾ/72)
2. al-Aʿmā means blindness / the blindness of the eye; as in the following verses:
Because there came to him the aʿmā {that is, the one who is blind / whose eyes do not see}. (ʿAbasa/2)
There is no blame upon the aʿmā {that is, the one who is blind / whose eyes do not see}. (al-Nūr/61)
In the command in Sūrat al-Fatḥ, it is also in this sense.
3. The word aʿmā is used in the sense of being blind to the ḥujja (proof), i.e., without ḥujja / without proof; as in the following verse:
And We will gather him on the Day of Resurrection aʿmā {that is, in a state without ḥujja / deprived of proof against Me [Allah]}. (cf. Qur'an)