al-Haqq is interpreted in eleven ways:
1. By al-Haqq, Allah (and the oneness of Allah) is meant; as in the following verses:
If the ḥaqq (that is, Allah) had followed their (that is, the polytheists') desires, the heavens and the earth would have been corrupted. (al-Mu'minūn 23:71)
Those who enjoin the ḥaqq {that is, Allah, His oneness} upon one another... (al-ʿAṣr 103:3)
2. By al-Haqq, the Qur'an is meant; as in the following verses:
Until the ḥaqq (that is, the Qur'an) and a clear Messenger came to them. When the ḥaqq [that is, from Allah, the Qur'an] came to them, they said, "This is magic, and indeed we are disbelievers in it." (az-Zukhruf 43:29-30)
No! They have denied the ḥaqq {that is, the Qur'an} when it came to them, so they are in a confused condition. (Qāf 50:5)
When the ḥaqq {that is, the Qur'an} came to them from Us, they said, "Why was he not given like what was given to Moses?" (al-Qaṣaṣ 28:48)
There are many similar statements.
3. By al-Haqq, Islam is meant; as in the following verses:
Say: "The ḥaqq {that is, Islam} has come, and falsehood {that is, worship of Satan and shirk (associating partners with God)} has vanished." (al-Isrāʾ 17:81)
So that He may make the ḥaqq (that is, Islam) manifest as ḥaqq, and nullify falsehood {that is, shirk: worship of Satan}. (al-Anfāl 8:8)
Indeed, you are upon the ḥaqq {that is, Islam}. (an-Naml 27:79)
4. By al-Haqq, justice is meant; as in the following verses:
On that Day Allah will pay them in full their due religion [recompense] {that is, He will call them to account justly}, and they will know that Allah is the clear ḥaqq {that is, just}. (an-Nūr 24:25)
Our Lord! Decide between us and our people in ḥaqq {that is, justice}! (al-Aʿrāf 7:89)
Judge between us in ḥaqq {that is, justice}! (Ṣād 38:22)
5. By al-Haqq, tawhid (the oneness of God) is meant; as in the following verses:
No! He has brought the ḥaqq {that is, tawhid} and confirmed the messengers. (as-Ṣāffāt 37:37)
They say, "He is possessed." Rather, he has brought them the ḥaqq {that is, tawhid}. But most of them dislike the ḥaqq {that is, tawhid}. (al-Mu'minūn 23:70)
Then they will know that the ḥaqq {that is, tawhid} belongs to Allah... (al-Qaṣaṣ 28:75)
Or those who deny the ḥaqq {that is, tawhid}... (al-ʿAnkabūt 29:68) A similar statement is found in az-Zukhruf.
6. al-Haqq is used in the sense of truth/reality; as in the following verses:
The promise of Allah is ḥaqq {that is, His promise that you will be returned to Him is true}. (Yūnus 10:4)
His word is ḥaqq (that is, true). Sovereignty belongs to Him. (al-Anʿām 6:73)
They ask you, "Is it true (ḥaqq)?" (that is, is it real?) (Yūnus 10:53)
7. al-Haqq is used in the sense of being obligatory/necessary; as in the following verses:
But the word {that is, My word of punishment} has become ḥaqq {that is, obligatory/necessary} from Me... (as-Sajda 32:13)
These are the ones upon whom the word {that is, the word of punishment} has become ḥaqq {that is, obligatory/necessary}. (al-Aḥqāf 46:18)
Thus, the word of your Lord has become ḥaqq {that is, the word of punishment from your Lord is obligatory/necessary} upon the disbelievers: surely they are the companions of the Fire." (al-Mu'min 40:6)
There are many similar statements.
8. The term al-Haqq is used to mean that which is not false, that which is in itself ḥaqq; as in the following verses:
That is because Allah is the ḥaqq. And what they call upon other than Him {that is, the other gods} is falsehood. (al-Ḥajj 22:62)
All will be returned to Allah, their true Master {that is, He is the very ḥaqq itself; all other gods are false}, and what they invented will depart from them. (Yūnus 10:30)
Then, they will be returned to Allah, their true Master {that is, the very ḥaqq itself}. Know that the judgment belongs to Him, and He is the swiftest of accountants. (al-Anʿām 6:62)
We did not create the heavens and the earth and what is between them except in ḥaqq {that is, not in falsehood or vainly: not without purpose}. (al-Aḥqāf 46:3)
9. al-Haqq is used in the sense of debt or debtor; as in the following verses:
Let the one upon whom is the ḥaqq {that is, the one who owes a debt / debtor} dictate. (al-Baqara 2:282)
The one upon whom is the ḥaqq {that is, the one who owes a debt / debtor}... (al-Baqara 2:282)
10. The term aḥaqq is used in the sense of being more entitled, more deserving; as in the following verses:
But we are aḥaqq {that is, more entitled, more deserving, more worthy} of kingship than he. (al-Baqara 2:247)
Which of the two parties is more entitled (aḥaqq) {that is, more worthy, more deserving} to feel secure?! (al-Anʿām 6:81)
Is it he who guides to the ḥaqq who is more entitled (aḥaqq) {that is, more worthy/more deserving} to be followed...? (Yūnus 10:35)
But it would have been aḥaqq {that is, more worthy/more deserving} for them to please Allah and His Messenger. (at-Tawba 9:62)
If you are believers, Allah is aḥaqq (that is, more worthy/more deserving) that you should fear Him. (at-Tawba 9:13)
11. Ḥaqq is used in the sense of share; as in the following verse:
And in their wealth there is a known ḥaqq {that is, an obligatory share}. (al-Maʿārij 70:24)
A similar statement is found in adh-Dhāriyāt.