ʿAbd al-Rāfiʿ is the person who, because he looks at everything with the gaze of sivā and ghayr (seeing all things as belonging to the category of beings other than Allah), attains a higher state than them. Since he subsists with the Real (al-Ḥaqq), who elevates ranks, he has risen to a rank higher than his own nafs (the lower self). The opposite may also occur. For, firstly, the manifestation of the name al-Ḥāfiḍ (by virtue of the manifestation of the name among the common people), he sees everything in complete nonexistence, regards them as insignificant, does not see them as pure being, and sees them as entities destined to perish (Jāmiʿ).
Secondly, with the manifestation of the name al-Rāfiʿ in himself, since he sees the Real (al-Ḥaqq) in all things, he exalts everything. In my view, this state is preferable. For the ʿārif (gnostic) desires mercy, for he is characterized by it. Thus, he becomes not the one shown mercy (marḥūm), but the one who shows mercy (raḥīm). For this is the share of mercy for the rebellious servant (the common people) (Jāmiʿ). (Kāshānī, 113; Jāmiʿ, 8)