ʿAbd al-Shahīd is the person who bears witness to the Real (al-Ḥaqq) in everything to which he is a witness (shāhid). Thus, he bears witness to the Real both within his own nafs (nafs, the lower self) and in the world external to the nafs. (Kāshānī, 119; Jāmī, 10)
ʿAbd al-Shakūr (see also: shukr) is the one who constantly gives gratitude (shukr, gratitude) to his Lord. For he sees blessings as coming only from Him. Even if these come in the form of tribulation or punishment, he perceives only blessing from Him, for inwardly he sees blessing in them and does not see tribulation in their inner reality (Jāmī). Just as ʿAlī (Jāmī) said: How exalted is (Allah), who expands His mercy hidden within tribulation for His friends, and intensifies His punishment hidden within His mercy for His enemies! (How exalted is Allah, who intensifies the punishment hidden in His mercy for His enemies, and expands His mercy hidden in tribulation for His friends.)