ʿIlm al-qiyās wa-l-naẓar (the science of analogy and rational investigation) refers to the presentation of evidence against opponents. This discipline is the science of argumentation (jadal) and consists of producing proofs against the people of innovation (ahl al-bidʿa) in order to defend the religion. (Lumta, 456)
ʿIlm-i Jedünni 445