If [something] is created (mahlūq), then it is a servant (ʿabd). (Insān, I, 7)
The Absolute Essence (Dhāt-i Muṭlaq; the state in which names and attributes are ascribed not to its existence but to its very self). Every name or attribute is ascribed to something. This thing—whether it is non-existent like the phoenix (ʿanqāʾ), or existent—is none other than the Essence (Dhāt) itself.
Existence (mawjūd) is of two kinds: that which exists by itself, which is the Essence of the Creator, Glorified and Exalted is He (Bārī Subḥānahū wa Taʿālā); and the other, which is contingent upon non-existence and is brought into being afterwards, that is, the created (mahlūqāt). Know that the Essence of Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, is nothing but His own self by which He exists. For He subsists by His own self (He exists by Himself). He is entitled to the names and attributes by His very identity (huwiyya). Through every sacred meaning within Himself, it is conceivable that He assumes every form required by that meaning. That is, He is characterized by every quality He wills, by every description for which He is entitled to existence, and by every name that indicates the concept required by His perfection. For this reason, both the negation of infinity and of comprehension are among His perfections. Thus, it is judged that these perfections cannot be comprehended, but that He comprehends [all]. For