It is renewed. (Futūḥāt, II, 253-254)
Walāya (friendship with God) is when the servant subsists in God (al-Ḥaqq) after having become annihilated from his nafs (the lower self). This ḥāl (spiritual state) is only possible when Allah makes him His friend (walī), bringing him to the summit of the maqām (spiritual station) of qurb (nearness) and tamakkun (firm establishment). (Kāshānī, 74; Jāmiʿ, 104)
Nubuwwa (prophethood) is to inform about the divine realities (ḥaqāʾiq) comprised of the Essence (dhāt), Names, Attributes, and Judgments of al-Ḥaqq (the Real). It is divided into two types: tāʿrīfī nubuwwa (prophethood of definition) and tashrīʿī nubuwwa (legislative prophethood). The first is to inform about the maʿrifa (gnosis, experiential knowledge) of the Essence, Attributes, and Names; the second, along with all these, is to convey the judgments, to cultivate akhlāq (character), to teach ḥikma (wisdom), and to uphold siyāsa (governance). This second type of nubuwwa is specific to risāla (messengership). (Kāshānī, 94; Jāmiʿ, 101)
Walāya is the opposite of ʿadāwa (enmity). The root of walāya is maḥabba (love) and qurb (nearness); the root of ʿadāwa is bughḍ (hatred) and distance. It has been said that the walī (friend of God) is so named due to his friendship through acts of obedience, that is, by following them. The first explanation is more correct. Walī means qarīb (near or one who draws near). In the sense of 'this approaches that,' one says: hādhā yali hādhā, meaning 'this draws near to that,' yukarribu minh.
The following statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), as narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās, is also of this kind: "Give the shares of inheritance to those who are entitled to them. Whatever remains after the shares have been distributed belongs to the closest male relative on the father's side" (Bukhārī, Farāʾiḍ, 5). That is, to the male who is closest to the deceased. The word 'male' emphasizes this. It expresses a ruling specific to the masculine. In this,