(aḥkām; ʿalāmat-i sabr; baṭar; jabn; darajāt of sabr; kitmān al-sirr; mutaṣabbir; sabbār; sabr al-nafs; sabr ʿalā al-niʿma; saʿa-yı ṣadr; taṣabbur; tahawwur; ẓabt al-nafs; ḍayq al-ṣadr)
Patience (sabr) is of several kinds. Taṣabbur (striving to be patient) and sabr al-jamīl (beautiful patience). After this, one attains to khawf (fear) and shukr (gratitude). Thereafter come taʿẓīm (veneration) and surūr (joy)—that is, showing respect to the One who sends tribulation and rejoicing in the face of tribulation. (Ādāb, 71)
All of dunyā (the world), in its abundance and scarcity, its bitterness and sweetness, its beginning and end—everything, absolutely everything—is for Allah to test and try His servant. All these means of trial and testing are gathered in two points: sabr (patient endurance) and shukr (gratitude). The servant either shows shukr for blessings or sabr in the face of calamity. (Ādāb, 82)
The sign of sabr (ʿalāmat-i sabr) is not to complain of any calamity to any of the created beings. Sabr manifests in the following ways: sabr in obedience (ṭāʿa), sabr in refraining from maʿṣiyya (disobedience), sabr in concealing tribulation—this is among the treasures of goodness—and sabr in concealing acts of obedience. Sabr is to restrain the nafs (the lower self) from all these. (Ādāb, 145)
Sabr is to oppose maḥabba (desires for what is sought). No act of worship is accompanied by the power of sabr unless one ascends from the station of sabr to the station of khawf, and from the station of khawf to the station of maḥabba. (Ādāb, 147)
The Sufis (ṣūfiyya) have, in addition to these, certain other etiquettes and various spiritual states (aḥwāl). Some of these are: ...having a good opinion of Allah, acting with ikhlas (sincerity) while hastening to obedience and competing in all good deeds, detaching from everything and turning to Allah Most High, being patient with tribulation that comes from Him, being content (riḍā) with His decree, striving (mujāhada), struggling (mujādala) against the desires of the nafs (the lower self), and resisting it by avoiding its pleasures.