(In terms of rank) to attack (savlet) those above you is shamelessness; to attack your peers is lack of decorum, and to attack those of lower rank than yourself is weakness. (Ādāb, 46)
sawm/ṣiyām: sawm al-khāṣṣ (the fast of the elect); sawm al-khāṣṣ al-khāṣṣ (the fast of the elect of the elect)
I once heard Fāris say: Sawm (fasting) is to become absent from seeing creation by beholding the Exalted Allah. As Allah says in the story of Maryam: "Indeed, I have vowed to the Most Merciful a fast, so I will not speak today to any man" (al-Maryam 19:26). That is, in the state of fasting, since I am absent from seeing creation by beholding the Real (al-Ḥaqq), I do not permit anything to distract me from fasting or to sever my connection with it. (Taʿarruf, 109)
Of the twelve qualities that comprise the attributes of sharia (sharia) and iman (faith), the fourth is sawm (fasting); it is a shield... (Kūt, II, 140)
Junayd said: Fasting is half of the path (tariqa). (Hujwīrī, 384)
Sawm (fasting) in language means imsak, that is, to withhold. For example, when the wind becomes still and its breeze ceases, it is said: sāmat al-rīḥ; when a horse stops and does not move, sāmat al-khayl is said. When it is midday and the time for noon has passed, sāma al-nahār is said, because when the sun reaches the middle of the sky, its movement slows... When a person refrains from speaking, sāma al-rajul is said. (Ghunya, II, 3)
In fasting, there is (purification), fasting from mā siwā (mā siwā: all that is other than Allah, i.e., severing ties with all else), and then fasting even from seeing the fast from mā siwā. Through reflection, the innate nature (fiṭra) emerges from this fast... (Rawḍa, 196)
Sawm al-khāṣṣ (the fast of the khawāṣṣ, i.e., the elect) is to withhold the gaze, tongue, hand, foot, ear, and other organs from sins... Sawm al-khāṣṣ al-khāṣṣ (the fast of the akhāṣṣ al-khawāṣṣ, or the elect of the elect) is to preserve the qalb (the heart) entirely from evil thoughts, ideas that distance from Allah, and from everything other than Allah. (Qudāma, 36)