Sufi Classics · July 8, 2026

comprehensive (Tasawwuf Glossary)

It has a ruling. In this regard, supererogatory acts (nafl) act as deputies (nāʾib) on behalf of their possessor as the deputy of the Real (al-Ḥaqq). Whoever tastes this knows their own worth and realizes how incapable …

It has a ruling. In this regard, supererogatory acts (nafl) act as deputies (nāʾib) on behalf of their possessor as the deputy of the Real (al-Ḥaqq). Whoever tastes this knows their own worth and realizes how incapable they are of offering shukr (gratitude) to the Giver. Supererogatory acts are superior to one another. They are elevated by the greatness of the obligatory acts (farḍ) to which they are attached. Every supererogatory act has an origin connected to the obligatory acts. They are born from this origin and manifest in its form. Just as we manifest in the form of the Real (al-Ḥaqq). We are His supererogatory act, and He is our origin. For this reason, we say in this matter that He, by His Essence, is the Necessary Existent (Wājib al-Wujūd). We, too, are necessary not by our own nafs (the lower self), but by Him. By this degree, He is distinguished from us, and we are distinguished from Him. Those other than the supererogatory acts are called independent acts of worship and primary sunnahs. (Futūḥāt, TI, 163-164)

nevāl/nevāle: Nevāle is a hilʿat (robe of honor) specific to the efrād (singular individuals). This hilʿat can be mutlaq (absolute). (Iṣṭilāḥ, 538)

Nevāle (nevāl, Jāmī)), are riḍā (contentment with God's decree) robes of honor (hilʿat) bestowed by Allah upon His servants who are near to Him. Regarding each hilʿat, it is said that Allah clothed him upon unity (aḥad). This state is specific to the efrād. (Kāshānī, 98; Jāmī, 102)