Sufi Classics · July 8, 2026

and do not show reverence (Hamdüniyye) (Sufism Glossary)

The inner murāqaba (spiritual vigilance) is the method of the Junaydiyya (Cüneydiyye) order. However, ascetic discipline (riyāḍa) and spiritual struggle (mujāhada) consist entirely of opposing the nafs (the lower self) …

The inner murāqaba (spiritual vigilance) is the method of the Junaydiyya (Cüneydiyye) order. However, ascetic discipline (riyāḍa) and spiritual struggle (mujāhada) consist entirely of opposing the nafs (the lower self) from beginning to end. Unless a person comes to know their nafs, the riyāḍa and mujāhada they perform will be of no benefit to them. (Hujwīrī, 233)